Mesnage Robin, Douzelet Jérôme, Seralini Gilles-Eric
Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelm-Beck-Straße 27, 88662, Überlingen, Germany.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 10;15(1):4877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-88655-4.
Fermentation produces diverse consumables like bread, wine, beer, and cheese, with fungi playing a key role. This study sequenced fungal and bacteria DNA from 46 commercial wines, paired by vineyard proximity, harvest time, and grape variety. One in each pair was natural, while the other had pesticide treatments and microbial adjunctions. Bacteria profiles were studied using targeted sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene while fungal profiles were studied with ITS gene targeted sequencing. Significant variability was observed in the microbial content of these wines. We identified 19 unique fungal species in natural wines, absent in pesticide-treated ones. Some have known health roles. The most abundant was Penicillium jiangxiense in Lot-et-Garonne, known for its antitumor properties. Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii, with notable aromatic properties, was also detected, commonly found in insect and fish microbiota. Antrodia favescens, related to the medicinal Antrodia cinnamomea, was identified in another location, known for its role in Chinese herbal medicine against cancer and metabolic diseases. Ochrocladosporium elatum, recognized for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, was found elsewhere. Additionally, natural wines exhibited greater bacterial biodiversity, contributing to unique tastes and potential health benefits.
发酵产生了面包、葡萄酒、啤酒和奶酪等多种可食用产品，其中真菌发挥着关键作用。本研究对46种商业葡萄酒中的真菌和细菌DNA进行了测序，这些葡萄酒按葡萄园距离、收获时间和葡萄品种进行配对。每对中的一种是天然葡萄酒，另一种经过农药处理并添加了微生物。使用16S rRNA基因V3-V4区域的靶向测序研究细菌谱，同时用ITS基因靶向测序研究真菌谱。在这些葡萄酒的微生物含量中观察到了显著差异。我们在天然葡萄酒中鉴定出19种独特的真菌物种，而在经过农药处理的葡萄酒中则没有。其中一些具有已知的健康作用。在洛特-加龙省最丰富的是江西青霉，以其抗肿瘤特性而闻名。还检测到具有显著芳香特性的假布氏丝孢酵母，它常见于昆虫和鱼类的微生物群中。在另一个地方鉴定出与药用樟芝相关的淡黄木层孔菌，它在中国草药中对癌症和代谢疾病有作用。在其他地方发现了以其抗氧化和抗菌活性而闻名的高大枝孢。此外，天然葡萄酒表现出更大的细菌生物多样性，有助于形成独特的风味和潜在的健康益处。
