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日粮中醋酸α-生育酚对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在热应激和盐度应激下的生理反应、抗氧化活性、先天免疫及组织病理学状况的影响

Impacts of dietary α-tocopherol acetate on physiological response, antioxidant activity, innate immunity, and histopathological status of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus under heat and salinity stress.

作者信息

Albaqami Najah M, Monier Mohamed N

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, 44662, Sharqia, Egypt.

出版信息

Fish Physiol Biochem. 2025 Feb 10;51(1):46. doi: 10.1007/s10695-025-01460-8.

Abstract

Aquaculture fish face stresses include temperature, ammonia levels, water salinity, and dissolved oxygen. In order to sustain finfish output, it is necessary to assess the impact of unexpected weather on their performance. Thus, this study examined whether Nile tilapia's vitamin E intake reduces heat and salinity stress. After 56 days of feeding a diet enriched with vitamin E at 0, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg, Nile tilapia were split into two groups: one was given a 28 g/L salinity increase, and the other to a temperature increase of 36 °C. Heat and salinity stress increased cortisol, glycose AST, ALT, triglycerides, and total cholesterol while decreasing albumin, globulin, and protein. Fish diets with vitamin E significantly improved the parameters above before and after heat and salinity stress. However, heat and salinity stress inhibited superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, nitrous oxide, lysozyme, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin, reducing antioxidant activity and immunological responses. The Nile tilapia diet's vitamin E content increased antioxidant activity and immunological response before and after stress. Heat and salinity stress increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), but vitamin E-fed fish had lower values than controls. In addition to mild hepatocyte degeneration, pyknosis, and hepatic central vein congestion, heat and salinity stress cause severe vascular congestion with gill lamellar epithelium degeneration, sloughing, and primary filament congestion. In Vit E-treated groups, histomorphology returned to normal. Results showed that vitamin E at 1200 mg/kg in the Nile tilapia diet may be an effective antioxidant immunostimulant against environmental stressors like heat and salinity.

摘要

水产养殖鱼类面临的应激因素包括温度、氨含量、水的盐度和溶解氧。为了维持鱼类产量,有必要评估意外天气对其生长性能的影响。因此,本研究考察了尼罗罗非鱼摄入维生素E是否能减轻热应激和盐度应激。在用0、150、300、600和1200毫克/千克富含维生素E的饲料喂养56天后,尼罗罗非鱼被分成两组:一组盐度增加28克/升,另一组温度升至36摄氏度。热应激和盐度应激会使皮质醇、葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、甘油三酯和总胆固醇升高,而白蛋白、球蛋白和蛋白质降低。添加维生素E的鱼饲料在热应激和盐度应激前后显著改善了上述参数。然而,热应激和盐度应激会抑制超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、一氧化氮、溶菌酶、吞噬作用和免疫球蛋白,降低抗氧化活性和免疫反应。尼罗罗非鱼饲料中的维生素E含量在应激前后提高了抗氧化活性和免疫反应。热应激和盐度应激会增加脂质过氧化(丙二醛),但喂食维生素E的鱼的值低于对照组。除了轻度肝细胞变性、固缩和肝中央静脉充血外,热应激和盐度应激还会导致严重的血管充血,伴有鳃小片上皮变性、脱落和初级鳃丝充血。在维生素E处理组中,组织形态恢复正常。结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼饲料中1200毫克/千克的维生素E可能是一种有效的抗氧化免疫刺激剂,可抵抗热和盐度等环境应激源。

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