Shukry Mustafa, Abd El-Kader Marwa F, Hendam Basma M, Dawood Mahmoud A O, Farrag Foad A, Aboelenin Salama Mostafa, Soliman Mohamed Mohamed, Abdel-Latif Hany M R
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
Fish Diseases and Management, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (A.R.C.), Cairo 11511, Egypt.
Animals (Basel). 2021 May 31;11(6):1621. doi: 10.3390/ani11061621.
Nile tilapia Juveniles (19.50 ± 0.5 g) were fed on a basal diet (control group (CTR)) and a diet supplemented with 1 g (ASP) per kg diet for 12 weeks. Fish were then subjected to different salinity levels (0, 10, 15, and 20 practical salinity units (psu)) for another 15 days. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the individual effects of ASP in Nile tilapia exposed to salinity levels presented a significant decrease ( < 0.05) in values of haemato-biochemical indices (such as glucose, cortisol, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and malondialdehyde) compared to those in the CTR group exposed to the same salinity levels. Moreover, significant increases ( < 0.05) of blood protein profile (albumin, globulin, and total protein), non-specific immune responses (lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index), and antioxidant enzymes activities (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were observed in ASP-supplemented groups. Interestingly, there was significant ( < 0.05) downregulation of the mRNA expression values of heat shock protein 70 and interferon-gamma genes, alongside upregulation of the mRNA expression values of interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 8 genes, in the hepatic tissues of Nile tilapia in ASP-supplemented groups exposed to different salinities compared to those in the CTR group exposed to the same salinity levels. Taken together, these findings supported the potential efficacy of dietary supplementation with ASP in alleviating salinity stress-induced haemato-biochemical alterations, immune suppression, and oxidative stress in the exposed Nile tilapia.
尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼（19.50±0.5克）分别投喂基础饲料（对照组（CTR））和每千克饲料添加1克ASP的饲料，持续12周。然后，将鱼再暴露于不同盐度水平（0、10、15和20实用盐度单位（psu））下15天。双向方差分析显示，与暴露于相同盐度水平的CTR组相比，在暴露于盐度水平的尼罗罗非鱼中，ASP的个体效应使血液生化指标（如葡萄糖、皮质醇、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙二醛）的值显著降低（<0.05）。此外，在添加ASP的组中观察到血液蛋白质谱（白蛋白、球蛋白和总蛋白）、非特异性免疫反应（溶菌酶活性、吞噬活性和吞噬指数）以及抗氧化酶活性（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶）显著增加（<0.05）。有趣的是，与暴露于相同盐度水平的CTR组相比，在暴露于不同盐度的添加ASP的尼罗罗非鱼肝脏组织中，热休克蛋白70和干扰素-γ基因的mRNA表达值显著下调（<0.05），同时白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素8基因的mRNA表达值上调。综上所述，这些发现支持了在暴露的尼罗罗非鱼中，饲料添加ASP在减轻盐度应激诱导的血液生化改变、免疫抑制和氧化应激方面的潜在功效。
