Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Mar;110:91-99. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Jan 14.
Nowadays there is a great attention for nanotechnology in aquaculture production. It has an efficient role in nutrients and drugs delivery, ponds sterilization, water treatment and aquatic diseases reduction. Till now, there is no available data on impact of selenite-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SeChNPs) on Nile tilapia. Hence, the current study investigated the effects of selenite-loaded chitosan nanoparticles supplementation on the growth, immune, antioxidant and apoptotic related genes as well as resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 400 fish were randomly divided into four groups, and each group retained five replicates. The control group was fed a basal diet (with inorganic se), other groups fed diets supplemented with SeChNPs 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg diet. The loading concentration of Se to ChNPs was 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/0.5, 1 and 2 gm respectively. Fish groups fed SeChNPs (0.5 and 1 g/kg) exhibited the highest final body gain, better feed utilization. Additionally, the expression of myostatin gene was down-regulated by 0.2 and 0.3 fold in group fed 0.5 and 1 g/kg SeChNPs when compared with control group. Dietary inclusion of SeChNPs increased serum lysozyme, alternative complement and myeloperoxidase activities and immunoglobulin type M level. Supplementation of SeChNPs at the level of 2 g/kg up-regulated glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase expression by 1.12, 4.9 and 2.31 folds respectively, in comparison with control group. In contrast, the levels of C- reactive protein and malondialdehyde were reduced. The expression of IL-10, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β genes was up-regulated after dietary inclusion of different levels of SeChNPs in a dose dependent manner. Post-challenge, the highest survival rate was detected in group fed 2 g/kg SeChNPs (93%) in contrast, the control group was displayed the lowest survival rate (45%). After challenge with A. hydrophila, the expression of caspase 1 was up-regulated in groups fed 1 and 2 g/kg of SeChNPs. Moreover, the maximum down-regulation of cytochromes P450 and heat shock protein were found in 2 g/kg SeChNPs supplemented group (reduced by 0.4 and 0.6-fold, respectively, when compared with control group). In conclusion, the ameliorative effects of SeChNPs on Nile tilapia growth resulted from immune stimulatory and free radicals scavenging effects of selenium loaded chitosan nano composite.
如今，水产养殖生产中对纳米技术的关注度很高。它在营养物质和药物输送、池塘消毒、水处理和减少水产养殖疾病方面具有高效作用。到目前为止，还没有关于载硒壳聚糖纳米颗粒（SeChNPs）对尼罗罗非鱼影响的可用数据。因此，本研究调查了载硒壳聚糖纳米颗粒补充对尼罗罗非鱼生长、免疫、抗氧化和凋亡相关基因以及对嗜水气单胞菌的抗性的影响，奥利亚罗非鱼， Oreochromis niloticus。总共 400 条鱼被随机分为四组，每组保留五个重复。对照组喂基础饲料（含无机硒），其他组喂含 0.5、1 和 2 g/kg 饲料的 SeChNPs 补充饲料。Se 到 ChNPs 的加载浓度分别为 0.3、0.6 和 1.2 mg/0.5、1 和 2 gm。饲喂 SeChNPs（0.5 和 1 g/kg）的鱼组表现出最高的最终体增重和更好的饲料利用率。此外，与对照组相比，饲喂 0.5 和 1 g/kg SeChNPs 的鱼组的肌肉生长抑制素基因表达分别下调了 0.2 和 0.3 倍。膳食中添加 SeChNPs 可提高血清溶菌酶、替代补体和髓过氧化物酶活性以及免疫球蛋白 M 水平。与对照组相比，2 g/kg SeChNPs 的补充使谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的表达分别上调了 1.12、4.9 和 2.31 倍。相反，C-反应蛋白和丙二醛的水平降低。随着 SeChNPs 水平的不同，IL-10、IL-8、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 基因的表达呈剂量依赖性上调。在攻毒后，饲喂 2 g/kg SeChNPs 的鱼组的存活率最高（93%），而对照组的存活率最低（45%）。用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后，1 g/kg 和 2 g/kg SeChNPs 组的半胱天冬酶 1 表达上调。此外，在 2 g/kg SeChNPs 补充组中发现细胞色素 P450 和热休克蛋白的最大下调（与对照组相比，分别降低了 0.4 和 0.6 倍）。综上所述，载硒壳聚糖纳米复合材料对硒的免疫刺激和自由基清除作用改善了尼罗罗非鱼的生长。
