He Mengjie, Huang Lichun, Zou Yan, Xu Peiwei, Su Danting, Zhao Dong, Han Dan, Zhang Ronghua
Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jan 27;12:1535226. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1535226. eCollection 2025.
Information on the prevalence of postpartum women anemia is scarce in China, as well as its impact on their offspring. This study aimed to explore the influencing factors of anemia and the impact on the offspring.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 977 women within 2 years postpartum in 10 sites from 2016 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China. Information on demographics, nutrient supplementation and diet was collected. Whole blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin receptor were assessed for all women and whole blood hemoglobin was assessed in offspring. The multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of anemia and the impact on the offspring by calculating odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
Among 977 participants, 144 (14.74%) had anemia. Regression analysis showed that women intaking iron supplements during pregnancy (0.549, 0.350 ~ 0.860), and intaking sufficient red meat (0.647, 0.437 ~ 0.958) had lower rates of anemia, while women wo had anemia during pregnancy (2.754, 1.844 ~ 4.113 for mild anemia, and 3.815, 1.564 ~ 9.309 for moderate or severe anemia), had postpartum over 7 months (1.717, 1.112 ~ 2.650), with abnormal serum ferritin (11.931, 4.846 ~ 29.379) and excessive transferrin receptor levels (1.817, 1.050 ~ 3.145) had higher rates of anemia. Moreover, maternal anemia significantly increases the rate of anemia in offsprings, with ORs being 1.456 (0.994 ~ 2.133) for mild anemia, and 2.961 (1.242 ~ 7.058) for moderate or severe anemia, respectively.
The status of anemia in postpartum women was severe and its impact on the anemia of their offspring should be noted. It is highly necessary to strengthen the regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels in pregnant and postpartum women, as well as implement targeted dietary interventions and suggest to intake dietary supplements if necessary.
中国产后女性贫血患病率及其对后代影响的相关信息匮乏。本研究旨在探讨贫血的影响因素及其对后代的影响。
2016年至2017年在中国浙江省10个地点对977名产后2年内的女性进行了一项横断面研究。收集了人口统计学、营养补充和饮食方面的信息。对所有女性评估全血血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体，并对其后代评估全血血红蛋白。采用多因素logistic回归分析，通过计算比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（95%CI）来评估贫血的决定因素及其对后代的影响。
977名参与者中，144人（14.74%）患有贫血。回归分析显示，孕期服用铁补充剂的女性（0.549，0.350～0.860）和摄入足够红肉的女性（0.647，0.437～0.958）贫血率较低，而孕期贫血的女性（轻度贫血为2.754，1.844～4.113；中度或重度贫血为3.815，1.564～9.309）、产后7个月以上的女性（1.717，1.112～2.650）、血清铁蛋白异常的女性（11.931，4.846～29.379）和转铁蛋白受体水平过高的女性（1.817，1.050～3.145）贫血率较高。此外，母亲贫血显著增加后代贫血率，轻度贫血的OR为1.456（0.994～2.133），中度或重度贫血的OR分别为2.961（1.242～7.058）。
产后女性贫血状况严重，应注意其对后代贫血的影响。加强对孕妇和产后女性血红蛋白水平的定期监测，实施有针对性的饮食干预并在必要时建议服用膳食补充剂非常必要。
