变幻莫测：揭示沙特阿拉伯呼吸道合并症和真菌病原体的变化

Shifting sands: Unveiling the changes in respiratory comorbidities and fungal pathogens in Saudi Arabia.

作者信息

Khateb Aiah M, Alofi Fadwa S, Alturkostani Mohammad A, Almutairi Abdullah Z

机构信息

From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Khateb), Collage of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from King Fahd Medical Research Center (Khateb), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, from the Department Infectious Diseases (Khateb), King Fahad Hospital, Medina, from Infectious Diseases Department (Alofi) and from the Microbiology laboratory (Alturkostani, Almutairi), King Fahad Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Saudi Med J. 2025 Feb;46(2):182-189. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240616.

DOI:10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240616

PMID:39933763

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11822936/

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To investigate epidemiological changes in respiratory fungal infections (RFI), including fungal isolation and colonization, at one of the main centers in Medina. The incidence of RFI is rising due to an increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals, a higher prevalence of respiratory viral infections, and an aging population.

METHODS

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by extracting data of patients with fungal-positive respiratory cultures from King Fahad Hospital (KFH), Al Madinah Al Munawwarah from 2013 to 2023.

RESULTS

A total of 352 episodes of fungal-positive cultures were identified in 79 patients, reflecting a 12-fold increase in RFI prevalence. The most frequent fungus was 43% (n=150), followed by at 34% (n=119), at 7% (n=25), at 5% (n=18), at 3.4% (n=12), and at 3.4% (n=12). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 52 times, with 19 cultures growing and 8 cultures positive for . None of the 58 lung biopsy samples grew mold. Only one patient had 2 isolates resistant to voriconazole and fluconazole. The most prevalent comorbidities were respiratory diseases (30%) and lower limb injuries and diabetes (16%).

CONCLUSION

was the leading cause of RFI. Continuous monitoring, improved diagnostics, and targeted interventions are crucial to address existing challenges and emerging threats. The growing recognition of fungal infections necessitates increased research and education for healthcare professionals.

摘要

目的

在麦地那的一个主要中心调查呼吸道真菌感染（RFI）的流行病学变化，包括真菌分离和定植情况。由于免疫功能低下个体数量增加、呼吸道病毒感染患病率上升以及人口老龄化，RFI的发病率正在上升。

方法

通过提取2013年至2023年麦地那穆纳瓦拉市法赫德国王医院（KFH）真菌阳性呼吸道培养患者的数据进行回顾性横断面研究。

结果

在79例患者中总共鉴定出352次真菌阳性培养事件，这反映出RFI患病率增加了12倍。最常见的真菌是（占43%，n = 150），其次是（占34%，n = 119），（占7%，n = 25），（占5%，n = 18），（占3.4%，n = 12），以及（占3.4%，n = 12）。进行了52次支气管肺泡灌洗，其中19次培养出，8次培养出呈阳性。58份肺活检样本中均未培养出霉菌。只有1例患者有2株对伏立康唑和氟康唑耐药的分离株。最常见的合并症是呼吸系统疾病（30%）以及下肢损伤和糖尿病（16%）。