Candrarukmi Dewinda, Hartanto Fitri, Wibowo Tunjung, Nugroho Hari W, Anam Moh S, Indraswari Braghmandita W, Santosa Qodri, Hanum Nazliah
From Indonesia Pediatric Society Central Java Branch (Candrarukmi, Hartanto, Nugroho, Anam, Santosa); from Indonesia Pediatric Society Yogyakarta Special Provence Branch (Wibowo, Indraswari, Hanum); from the Department of Child Health (Hartanto, Anam), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Candrarukmi, Nugroho), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Central Java; from the Department of Child Health (Wibowo, Indraswari), Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta; from the Department of Child Health (Santosa), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Central Java; and from Indonesia Prambanan Distric Hospital (Hanum), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Saudi Med J. 2025 Feb;46(2):190-198. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.2.20240914.
To ascertain the prevalence of depressive symptoms and identify related risk factors among adolescents.
A cross-sectional survey was carried out using an online questionnaire completed by 1,413 adolescents from Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces، Indonesia. The validated Indonesian version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms.
Symptoms of depression were identified in 28.5% of participants. Multivariate analysis revealed important risk factors, including female gender (OR 3.962, 95% CI 2.684-5.849), having mother who is a housewife (OR 4.155, 95% CI 1.424-12.126) or works in labor/farming/self-employment (OR 3.665, 95% CI 1.216-11.051), residing with a biological father (OR 5.386, 95% CI 1.458-19.894) or non-parental guardians (OR 1.826, 95% CI 1.059-3.146), and lack of siblings (OR 1.459, 95% CI 1.057-2.013). Behavioral factors such as abnormal sleep duration (<6 hours or >8 hours per night, OR 3.750, 95% CI 2.833-4.964), smoking (OR 4.272, 95% CI 2.110-8.649), frequent consumption of sugary beverages (>3 times/week, OR 2.472, 95% CI 1.623-3.765), and chronic illnesses requiring regular medication (OR 2.057, 95% CI 1.177-3.595) were also strongly linked to depressive symptoms.
This study reveals the increased prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents and highlights the complex interplay of demographic, behavioral, and social determinants. Findings emphasize the necessity for targeted, evidence-based interventions to enhance adolescent mental health.
确定青少年抑郁症状的患病率，并确定相关风险因素。
采用在线问卷进行横断面调查，1413名来自印度尼西亚中爪哇省和日惹省的青少年完成了该问卷。使用经过验证的印度尼西亚语版儿童抑郁量表（CDI）来评估抑郁症状。
28.5%的参与者被发现有抑郁症状。多变量分析揭示了重要的风险因素，包括女性（比值比3.962，95%置信区间2.684 - 5.849）、母亲是家庭主妇（比值比4.155，95%置信区间1.424 - 12.126）或从事体力劳动/农业/个体经营工作（比值比3.665，95%置信区间1.216 - 11.051）、与亲生父亲（比值比5.386，95%置信区间1.458 - 19.894）或非父母监护人一起居住（比值比1.826，95%置信区间1.059 - 3.146）以及没有兄弟姐妹（比值比1.459，95%置信区间1.057 - 2.013）。行为因素如睡眠时间异常（每晚<6小时或>8小时，比值比3.750，95%置信区间2.833 - 4.964）、吸烟（比值比4.272，95%置信区间2.110 - 8.649）、频繁饮用含糖饮料（每周>3次，比值比2.472，95%置信区间1.623 - 3.765）以及需要定期服药的慢性病（比值比2.057，95%置信区间1.177 - 3.595）也与抑郁症状密切相关。
本研究揭示了青少年抑郁症状患病率的上升，并突出了人口统计学、行为和社会决定因素之间复杂的相互作用。研究结果强调了有针对性的、基于证据的干预措施对促进青少年心理健康的必要性。
