Ibrahim Mohamad Faez, Wan Ismail Wan Salwina, Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei, Mohd Mokhtaruddin Ummi Kalthum, Ong Hooi Yee, Abu Bakar Nur Hidayah, Mohd Salleh Sahimi Hajar
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 9;13:913067. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.913067. eCollection 2022.
Depression is a prevalent mental health condition worldwide and in Malaysia. Depression among adolescents has been steadily increasing. Self-esteem has been known to be associated with depression. It has been postulated that a poor lifestyle among adolescents is associated with depression. This paper aims to study the correlation of self-esteem, lifestyle (eating behavior, physical activity, and internet usage) with depression among Malaysian youth.
This is a cross-sectional study among secondary school children from 5 random schools in an urban city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Those with intellectual disability and/or difficulty to comprehend Malay language, and without parental consent and assent, were excluded. Students from randomly selected classes aged 13-year-old to 17-year-old were invited to fill in these questionnaires: Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Questionnaire, Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaires (EDE-Q), Internet Addiction Test Scale (IAT), and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).
461 students participated in the study. 21.5% of the participating students were found to have depression ( = 99). Younger age and Chinese race showed significant association with adolescent depression with a -value of 0.032 and 0.017 respectively. Other significant correlations with depression were self-esteem ( = 0.013), disordered eating ( = 0.000), lower physical activity ( = 0.014) and problematic internet usage ( = 0.000).
The prevalence of depression among adolescents in this study (21.5%) is in line with previous prevalence studies in Malaysia. Self-esteem is postulated to be a moderating factor for depression hence explaining the significant association. A sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of developing depression, The causal relationship between problematic internet usage and depression is complex and difficult to establish. This is similar to the relationship between problematic eating behavior and depression as well.
There is still a need to explore the causal relationship between lifestyle factors and depression among youth. Despite that, the results from this paper have accentuated the gravity of the importance of a healthy lifestyle among adolescents. An appropriate preventive measure is governmental strategies and policies aiming at improving a healthier lifestyle in this age group.
抑郁症是一种在全球及马来西亚普遍存在的心理健康问题。青少年抑郁症的发病率一直在稳步上升。自尊与抑郁症有关。据推测，青少年不良的生活方式与抑郁症有关。本文旨在研究马来西亚青少年自尊、生活方式（饮食行为、体育活动和互联网使用）与抑郁症之间的相关性。
这是一项对马来西亚吉隆坡一个城市随机选取的5所中学的学生进行的横断面研究。排除有智力残疾和/或难以理解马来语、未获得父母同意和许可的学生。邀请随机选取的年龄在13岁至17岁之间班级的学生填写以下问卷：社会人口学问卷、罗森伯格自尊问卷、体育活动问卷（PAQ - A）、饮食失调检查表（EDE - Q）、网络成瘾测试量表（IAT）和儿童抑郁量表（CDI）。
461名学生参与了该研究。发现21.5%的参与学生患有抑郁症（n = 99）。年龄较小和华裔与青少年抑郁症有显著关联，p值分别为0.032和0.017。与抑郁症的其他显著相关性包括自尊（p = 0.013）、饮食失调（p = 0.000）、体育活动较少（p = 0.014）和有问题的互联网使用（p = 0.000）。
本研究中青少年抑郁症的患病率（21.5%）与马来西亚先前的患病率研究一致。自尊被认为是抑郁症的一个调节因素，因此解释了这种显著关联。久坐不动的生活方式可能会增加患抑郁症的风险，有问题的互联网使用与抑郁症之间的因果关系复杂且难以确定。这与有问题的饮食行为和抑郁症之间的关系类似。
仍有必要探讨青少年生活方式因素与抑郁症之间的因果关系。尽管如此，本文的结果突出了青少年健康生活方式重要性的严重性。一项适当的预防措施是政府旨在改善该年龄组更健康生活方式的战略和政策。
