Stasiak Piotr, Sopel Justyna, Lipowicz Julia Maria, Rawłuszko-Wieczorek Agnieszka Anna, Korbecki Jan, Januchowski Radosław
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland.
The Doctoral School of Exact and Technical Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 28;26(3):1124. doi: 10.3390/ijms26031124.
Chemotherapy resistance is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment. A key mechanism of resistance at the single-cell level is the overexpression of drug transporters in the ABC family, particularly P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which leads to multidrug resistance (MDR). Inhibitors of these transporters can help re-sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. This study evaluated elacridar (GG918 and GF120918), a potent third-generation P-gp inhibitor, for its ability to reverse MDR in paclitaxel (PAC)-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. Sensitive and PAC-resistant cells were cultured in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models. gene expression was analyzed using Q-PCR, and P-gp protein expression was examined via Western blot and immunofluorescence. Drug sensitivity was evaluated with MTT assays, and P-gp activity was analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Elacridar effectively inhibited P-gp activity and increased sensitivity to PAC and doxorubicin (DOX) in 2D cultures but not cisplatin (CIS). In 3D spheroids, P-gp activity inhibition was observed via Calcein-AM staining. However, no re-sensitization to PAC occurred and limited improvement was observed for DOX. These findings suggest that elacridar effectively inhibits P-gp in both 2D and 3D conditions. However, its ability to overcome drug resistance in 3D models is limited, highlighting the complexity of tissue-specific resistance mechanisms.
化疗耐药是有效癌症治疗的重大障碍。单细胞水平耐药的一个关键机制是ABC家族药物转运蛋白的过表达,尤其是P-糖蛋白(P-gp),这会导致多药耐药(MDR)。这些转运蛋白的抑制剂有助于使癌细胞对化疗药物重新敏感。本研究评估了强效第三代P-gp抑制剂艾拉司群(GG918和GF120918)逆转紫杉醇(PAC)耐药卵巢癌细胞系中多药耐药的能力。在二维(2D)和三维(3D)模型中培养敏感细胞和PAC耐药细胞。使用Q-PCR分析基因表达,并通过蛋白质免疫印迹和免疫荧光检测P-gp蛋白表达。用MTT法评估药物敏感性,并通过流式细胞术和荧光显微镜分析P-gp活性。艾拉司群在2D培养中有效抑制P-gp活性并增加对PAC和阿霉素(DOX)的敏感性,但对顺铂(CIS)无效。在3D球体中,通过钙黄绿素-AM染色观察到P-gp活性受到抑制。然而,未观察到对PAC的重新致敏,对DOX的改善也有限。这些发现表明,艾拉司群在2D和3D条件下均能有效抑制P-gp。然而,其在3D模型中克服耐药性的能力有限,突出了组织特异性耐药机制的复杂性。
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