Systematic Review Regarding the Clinical Implications of Allograft and Alloplastic Bone Substituents Used for Periodontal Regenerative Therapy.

Regenerative periodontal therapy is a treatment method that focuses on restoring the periodontium affected by chronic inflammatory disease or injury. It involves using different biomaterials and techniques to completely restore the periodontal structures. The main objective was to identify and critically evaluate relevant studies comparing the clinical efficacy of allograft and alloplastic materials in regenerative periodontal therapy. For evaluation, a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Data were extracted using only specific types of study designs, which included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. Target patients with periodontal disease or periodontal lesions undergoing periodontal therapy using allograft or alloplastic materials were selected. Periodontal parameters such as clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, radiographic bone fill, or patient-reported outcomes were analyzed. The results showed that allograft and alloplastic materials offered reduced pocket depth, a gain in clinical attachment, and bone repairment. The variation observed indicated that allografts showed a slightly more significant clinical attachment gain and a superior bone fill than alloplastic ones, suggesting that allografts enhance osteogenesis and provide a greater capacity for repair in periodontal defects. The results of the present study suggest that allograft and alloplastic materials offered reduced pocket depth, a gain in clinical attachment, and bone repairment, with both methods having similar clinical efficacy.