Bousou Thaleia-Eleftheria, Sarantis Panagiotis, Anastasiou Ioanna A, Trifylli Eleni-Myrto, Liapopoulos Dimitris, Korakaki Dimitra, Koustas Evangelos, Katsimpoulas Michalis, Karamouzis Michalis V
University Pathology Clinic, General and Oncology Hospital "Agioi Anargyroi", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Timiou Stavrou 14, 145 64 Kifisia, Greece.
Experimental Surgery Unit, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Βiοmedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Feb 6;17(3):555. doi: 10.3390/cancers17030555.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare primary liver cancer with poor prognosis, due to the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and limited therapeutic options, with poor response. Chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment, but the advent of immunotherapy has recently induced promising results. Given the fact that diagnosis frequency is increasing nowadays and the survival rate remains very low, it is crucial to recognize patients who are suitable for immunotherapy and will have the best response. Different types of biomarkers, such as interleukins, exosomes, mi-RNA, ctDNA, and gene mutations, have been studied for their feasibility, not only for the early diagnosis of biliary tract cancer but also for the determination of responsiveness in treatment. Less frequently, these studies focus on finding and observing biomarkers in patients who receive immunotherapy. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of existing/promising biomarkers in patients with unresectable or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, treated with immunotherapy as monotherapy, or combined with chemotherapy.
胆管癌是一种罕见的原发性肝癌，预后较差，这是由于诊断时已处于晚期且治疗选择有限，反应不佳。化疗仍然是标准的一线治疗方法，但免疫疗法的出现最近取得了有前景的结果。鉴于如今诊断频率不断增加而生存率仍然很低，识别适合免疫疗法且反应最佳的患者至关重要。不同类型的生物标志物，如白细胞介素、外泌体、微小RNA、循环肿瘤DNA和基因突变，已针对其可行性进行了研究，不仅用于胆管癌的早期诊断，还用于确定治疗反应性。较少见的是，这些研究侧重于在接受免疫疗法的患者中发现和观察生物标志物。本综述旨在总结不可切除或转移性胆管癌患者中现有/有前景的生物标志物的当前知识，这些患者接受免疫疗法单药治疗或与化疗联合治疗。
