Shi Xingjian, Wen Mingxia, Dong Zhihao, Zhang Jiangzhou, Srivastava Anoop Kumar, Moussa Mohamed G, Zhang Yueqiang
College of Resources and Environment, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin 541004, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 27;14(3):389. doi: 10.3390/plants14030389.
Fruit cracking in citrus is one of the most researched constraints in crop management. However, researchers are still clueless even today on how to curtail this important production loss through an integrated management system. Our study introduces a management strategy for fruit cracking in citrus by analyzing different production constraints. As many as 70 Bingtang orange ( L. Osbeck cv. ) orchards in Xinping County were investigated to determine the intensity and periodicity of fruit cracking. The results indicated that citrus cracking was in a high incidence state during production in the past two years, accounting for 48.2-50.6% of fruit drop following the physiological premature drop period, particularly exacerbating in the year with irregular rainfall (from June to September). Among factors such as soil texture, soil fertility, and orchard management, the soil sand proportion, soil calcium, soil potassium, and soil magnesium content were the main factors contributing to the occurrence of fruit cracking, with contributions of 18.57%, 17.14%, 10.00%, and 8.75%, respectively. Fruit cracking was significantly positively correlated with soil magnesium content (0.802) and significantly negatively correlated with soil calcium (0.8007), potassium (0.7616), and soil sand proportion (0.7826). The integrated management treatment (organic fertilizer to improve soil + foliar nutrient supplementation) showed better control on fruit cracking by 9.34-65.25% and an increase in yield by 4.13-37.49%, respectively, compared to the supplementation of a single element in all orchards with different production and quality traits. Our findings could thus help citrus growers optimize cultivation techniques for quality citrus production under increasingly changing climatic conditions.
柑橘果实裂果是作物管理中研究最多的限制因素之一。然而，即使在今天，研究人员对于如何通过综合管理系统减少这一重要的产量损失仍然毫无头绪。我们的研究通过分析不同的生产限制因素，介绍了一种针对柑橘果实裂果的管理策略。对新平县多达70个冰糖橙（L. Osbeck cv.）果园进行了调查，以确定果实裂果的强度和周期性。结果表明，在过去两年的生产过程中，柑橘裂果处于高发状态，在生理落果期之后占落果量的48.2 - 50.6%，在降雨不规律的年份（6月至9月）尤其严重。在土壤质地、土壤肥力和果园管理等因素中，土壤砂比例、土壤钙、土壤钾和土壤镁含量是导致果实裂果发生的主要因素，贡献率分别为18.57%、17.14%、10.00%和8.75%。果实裂果与土壤镁含量显著正相关（0.802），与土壤钙（0.8007）、钾（0.7616）和土壤砂比例（0.7826）显著负相关。与在所有具有不同生产和品质性状的果园中单一元素补充相比，综合管理处理（有机肥改良土壤 + 叶面营养补充）对果实裂果的控制效果更好，分别降低了9.34 - 65.25%，产量提高了4.13 - 37.49%。因此，我们的研究结果可以帮助柑橘种植者在日益变化的气候条件下优化栽培技术，实现优质柑橘生产。
