Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Microelement Research Center/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 20;714:136722. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136722. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
A better understanding is required for using biochar as an alternative option to lime materials for sustainable amelioration of soil acidity and improvement of fruit quality in acidic soils. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of biochar (three different dosages of biochar, 1%, 2% and 4%, were denoted by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3, respectively) and lime (three different dosages of lime, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g kg, were denoted by L-1, L-2 and L-3, respectively) on soil properties and fruit acidity of Satsuma mandarin. The decreased rates of fruit titratable acid (TA) by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3 were 16.18%, 25.00% and 14.71%, which were higher than those by L-1, L-2 and L-3 were 11.76%, 16.18% and 5.88%. Moreover, the increased rates of fruit total soluble solid (TSS)/TA were 14.94%, 31.73%, 28.04% by BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3, but were 11.42%, 21.77%, 10.15% by L-1, L-2 and L-3, suggesting that biochar had better effects on improving fruit quality. Acidic soil properties were improved by biochar and lime, but biochar had better amelioration effects, as evidenced by soil-treated with BC-2 and BC-3 had greater increases of soil pH, soil respiration (SR) and microbial metabolic quotient, activities of soil urease (SU), invertase (SI), catalase (CAT) and cellulose (SC), and concentrations of soil phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). Principal component analysis showed that soil pH, SR, SU, SI and CAT were main contributors to the differences of improvement effects of biochar and lime. Correlation analysis showed that fruit TA had negative relationships with soil pH, SU, SI, CAT, SC and soil P, K, Mg. This study indicates that the better effects of biochar on improving fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin were associated with the greater effects of it on improving acidic soil properties.
为了可持续改善酸性土壤的酸度并提高酸性土壤中水果的品质，需要更好地了解生物炭作为石灰材料的替代选择。在这项研究中，进行了一项盆栽实验，以研究生物炭（三种不同剂量的生物炭，分别记为 BC-1、BC-2 和 BC-3）和石灰（三种不同剂量的石灰，分别记为 L-1、L-2 和 L-3）对温州蜜柑土壤性质和果实酸度的比较影响。BC-1、BC-2 和 BC-3 降低果实可滴定酸（TA）的速率分别为 16.18%、25.00%和 14.71%，高于 L-1、L-2 和 L-3 降低的速率，分别为 11.76%、16.18%和 5.88%。此外，BC-1、BC-2 和 BC-3 提高果实总可溶性固形物（TSS）/TA 的速率分别为 14.94%、31.73%和 28.04%，而 L-1、L-2 和 L-3 提高的速率分别为 11.42%、21.77%和 10.15%，表明生物炭在改善果实品质方面效果更好。生物炭和石灰改善了酸性土壤性质，但生物炭具有更好的改良效果，因为用 BC-2 和 BC-3 处理的土壤具有更大的土壤 pH、土壤呼吸（SR）和微生物代谢商、土壤脲酶（SU）、转化酶（SI）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和纤维素（SC）活性以及土壤磷（P）、钾（K）和镁（Mg）浓度的增加。主成分分析表明，土壤 pH、SR、SU、SI 和 CAT 是生物炭和石灰改良效果差异的主要贡献者。相关性分析表明，果实 TA 与土壤 pH、SU、SI、CAT、SC 和土壤 P、K、Mg 呈负相关。本研究表明，生物炭对温州蜜柑果实品质的改善效果与其对酸性土壤性质的改善效果有关。
