Campo Adele, Aliquò Federica, Velletri Tania, Campo Salvatore
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
Discov Oncol. 2025 Feb 13;16(1):176. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-01957-x.
Y RNAs are a class of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs. Emerging evidences reported that Y RNAs and their Y RNA-derived small RNAs (YsRNAs) represent bioactive molecules and not simply structural RNAs involved in scaffolding and assembling. They can interact and regulate both localization and functions of several RNA-binding proteins implicated in a wide range of cellular processes such as DNA replication, RNA quality control and cellular stress responses. More evidences suggest functional involvement of Y RNAs in several type of disease such as cancer, immune related pathologies, neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, there are many questions that still need to be answered for their functional and mechanistic understanding in a physiological and in a pathological context. In this review we will describe the current state of knowledge about YRNAs, their structure, biogenesis, functions and interaction with known proteins, as well their role in disease. The picture arising indicates their potential function as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, as well as therapeutical targets for building up tailored approaches in personalized medicine.
Y RNA是一类高度保守的小非编码RNA。新出现的证据表明，Y RNA及其衍生的小RNA（YsRNA）是生物活性分子，而不仅仅是参与支架构建和组装的结构RNA。它们可以相互作用并调节多种RNA结合蛋白的定位和功能，这些蛋白涉及广泛的细胞过程，如DNA复制、RNA质量控制和细胞应激反应。更多证据表明Y RNA在多种疾病中发挥作用，如癌症、免疫相关疾病、神经疾病和心血管疾病。然而，在生理和病理背景下，对于它们的功能和作用机制仍有许多问题需要解答。在这篇综述中，我们将描述关于Y RNA的当前知识状态，包括它们的结构、生物合成、功能、与已知蛋白质的相互作用，以及它们在疾病中的作用。由此呈现的情况表明它们作为疾病诊断生物标志物的潜在功能，以及作为个性化医学中构建定制方法的治疗靶点的潜在功能。
