Epigenetic Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance.

Antibiotic resistance remains a major challenge in the use of antimicrobial agents and poses a threat to public health worldwide. This review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance. Significant attention is also given to gene expression patterns that promote microbial adaptability and survival in the context of antibiotic therapy, as well as epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to modifying the activity of resistance genes. The authors argue that epigenetics plays a key role in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. By offering new perspectives on the complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic regulations in microbial populations using metal nanoparticles, the authors shed light on potential therapeutic targets and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Exploring the disclosure of epigenetic mechanisms when interacting with metal nanoparticles on resistant cultures is insufficiently covered in the literature. This review not only presents the latest scientific findings in this field but also opens up avenues for further research that will help address the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.