Siddle D A, Remington B, Churchill M
Biol Psychol. 1985 Mar;20(2):113-27. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(85)90020-1.
Two experiments investigated the effects of conditioned stimulus (CS) preexposure on Pavlovian differential conditioning and extinction of the skin conductance response. In both experiments, half the subjects were exposed to 20 presentations each of the CS+ and CS-, and the other half were exposed to control stimuli. CS duration was 8 sec. The unconditioned stimulus in Experiment 1 (N = 48) was a 1000 Hz tone of 80 dB which signalled a reaction time requirement, and in Experiment 2 (N = 48), it was a 1 sec burst of white noise at 105 dB. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that no-preexposure groups displayed more CS+/CS- differentiation than preexposure groups during acquisition and more resistance to extinction, at least for the first interval anticipatory response. In addition, the results of Experiment 2 indicated that no-preexposure groups displayed more differentiation than preexposure groups in terms of the second interval anticipatory response. These data constitute a demonstration of the latent inhibition effect with human subjects, and imply that there is an intrinsic relationship between the orienting response and the conditioning process.
两项实验研究了条件刺激（CS）预暴露对巴甫洛夫式差异条件反射以及皮肤电反应消退的影响。在两项实验中，一半的受试者分别接受20次CS+和CS-呈现，另一半则接受对照刺激。CS持续时间为8秒。实验1（N = 48）中的无条件刺激是一个80分贝的1000赫兹音调，它表明了一个反应时间要求；在实验2（N = 48）中，无条件刺激是一个105分贝的1秒白噪声脉冲。实验1的结果表明，在习得过程中，无预暴露组比预暴露组表现出更多的CS+/CS-差异，并且至少在第一个间隔预期反应中对消退更具抵抗力。此外，实验2的结果表明，就第二个间隔预期反应而言，无预暴露组比预暴露组表现出更多的差异。这些数据证明了人类受试者存在潜伏抑制效应，并暗示定向反应与条件反射过程之间存在内在关系。
