Sadraei Alireza, Naghib Seyed Morteza, Rabiee Navid
Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2025 Apr;22(4):491-510. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2466768. Epub 2025 Feb 19.
The incorporation of 4D printing alongside chemical stimuli-responsive hydrogels represents a significant advancement in the field of biomedical engineering, effectively overcoming the constraints associated with conventional static 3D-printed structures. Through the integration of time as the fourth dimension, 4D printing facilitates the development of dynamic and adaptable structures that can react to chemical alterations in their surroundings. This innovation presents considerable promise for sophisticated tissue engineering and targeted drug delivery applications.
This review examines the function of chemical stimuli-responsive hydrogels within the context of 4D printing, highlighting their distinctive ability to undergo regulated transformations when exposed to particular chemical stimuli. An in-depth examination of contemporary research underscores the collaborative dynamics between these hydrogels and their surroundings, focusing specifically on their utilization in biomimetic scaffolds for tissue regeneration and the advancement of intelligent drug delivery systems.
The integration of 4D printing technology with chemically responsive hydrogels presents exceptional prospects for advancements in tissue engineering and targeted drug delivery, facilitating the development of personalized and adaptive medical solutions. Although the potential is promising, it is essential to address challenges such as material optimization, biocompatibility, and precise control over stimuli-responsive behavior to facilitate clinical translation and scalability.
将4D打印与化学刺激响应水凝胶相结合代表了生物医学工程领域的一项重大进展，有效克服了与传统静态3D打印结构相关的限制。通过将时间作为第四维进行整合，4D打印促进了能够对周围环境中的化学变化做出反应的动态且适应性强的结构的发展。这一创新为复杂的组织工程和靶向药物递送应用带来了巨大希望。
本综述考察了化学刺激响应水凝胶在4D打印背景下的功能，突出了它们在暴露于特定化学刺激时经历可控转变的独特能力。对当代研究的深入考察强调了这些水凝胶与其周围环境之间的协同动态，特别关注它们在用于组织再生的仿生支架中的应用以及智能药物递送系统的进展。
4D打印技术与化学响应水凝胶的整合为组织工程和靶向药物递送的进步带来了非凡前景，有助于开发个性化和适应性强的医疗解决方案。尽管潜力巨大，但必须应对诸如材料优化、生物相容性以及对刺激响应行为的精确控制等挑战，以促进临床转化和扩大规模。
