Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2024 Aug;44(5):860-891. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2213398. Epub 2023 Jul 13.
3D bioprinting is an advanced technology combining cells and bioactive molecules within a single bioscaffold; however, this scaffold cannot change, modify or grow in response to a dynamic implemented environment. Lately, a new era of smart polymers and hydrogels has emerged, which can add another dimension, e.g., time to 3D bioprinting, to address some of the current approaches' limitations. This concept is indicated as 4D bioprinting. This approach may assist in fabricating tissue-like structures with a configuration and function that mimic the natural tissue. These scaffolds can change and reform as the tissue are transformed with the potential of specific drug or biomolecules released for various biomedical applications, such as biosensing, wound healing, soft robotics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, though 4D bioprinting is still in its early stages and more works are required to advance it. In this review article, the critical challenge in the field of 4D bioprinting and transformations from 3D bioprinting to 4D phases is reviewed. Also, the mechanistic aspects from the chemistry and material science point of view are discussed too.
3D 生物打印是一种将细胞和生物活性分子结合在单个生物支架中的先进技术；然而，这种支架不能改变、修改或生长以响应动态实施的环境。最近，出现了一种新的智能聚合物和水凝胶时代，可以为 3D 生物打印增加另一个维度，例如时间，以解决当前一些方法的局限性。这个概念被表示为 4D 生物打印。这种方法可以帮助制造具有类似于天然组织的结构和功能的组织样结构。这些支架可以随着组织的变化而变化和重组，并且具有释放特定药物或生物分子的潜力，可用于各种生物医学应用，如生物传感、伤口愈合、软机器人、药物输送和组织工程，尽管 4D 生物打印仍处于早期阶段，需要更多的工作来推进它。在这篇综述文章中，我们回顾了 4D 生物打印领域的关键挑战以及从 3D 生物打印到 4D 阶段的转变。还从化学和材料科学的角度讨论了机械方面。
