Edger Patrick P, Soltis Douglas E, Yoshioka Shunsuke, Vallejo-Marin Mario, Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie, Shimizu Kentaro K, Salmon Armel, Hiscock Simon, Ainouche Malika, Soltis Pamela S
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
New Phytol. 2025 Apr;246(1):78-93. doi: 10.1111/nph.20437. Epub 2025 Feb 14.
Recently formed allopolyploid species offer unprecedented insights into the early stages of polyploid evolution. This review examines seven well-studied neopolyploids (we use 'neopolyploid' to refer to very recently formed polyploids, i.e. during the past 300 years), spanning different angiosperm families, exploring commonalities and differences in their evolutionary trajectories. Each neopolyploid provides a unique case study, demonstrating both shared patterns, such as rapid genomic and phenotypic changes, and unique responses to hybridization and genome doubling. While previous studies of these neopolyploids have improved our understanding of polyploidy, significant knowledge gaps remain, highlighting the need for further research into the varied impacts of whole-genome duplication on gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and ecological interactions. Notably, all of these neopolyploids have spontaneously arisen due to human activity in natural environments, underscoring the profound consequences of polyploidization in a rapidly changing world. Understanding the immediate effects of polyploidy is crucial not only for evolutionary biology but also for applied practices, as polyploidy can lead to novel traits, as well as stress tolerance and increased crop yields. Future research directions include investigating the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying polyploid evolution, as well as exploring the potential of neopolyploids for crop improvement and environmental adaptation.
新形成的异源多倍体物种为多倍体进化的早期阶段提供了前所未有的见解。本综述研究了七个经过充分研究的新多倍体（我们用“新多倍体”来指代最近形成的多倍体，即在过去300年中形成的），涵盖不同的被子植物科，探索它们进化轨迹中的共性和差异。每个新多倍体都提供了一个独特的案例研究，展示了共同的模式，如快速的基因组和表型变化，以及对杂交和基因组加倍的独特反应。虽然之前对这些新多倍体的研究增进了我们对多倍体的理解，但仍存在重大的知识空白，这凸显了进一步研究全基因组复制对基因表达、表观遗传修饰和生态相互作用的各种影响的必要性。值得注意的是，所有这些新多倍体都是由于人类活动在自然环境中自发产生的，这强调了在快速变化的世界中多倍体化的深远后果。了解多倍体的直接影响不仅对进化生物学至关重要，对应用实践也很关键，因为多倍体可以导致新性状、抗逆性和作物产量增加。未来的研究方向包括研究多倍体进化的遗传和表观遗传机制，以及探索新多倍体在作物改良和环境适应方面的潜力。
