Sapan Tuğba Ünsal, Karaboğa Nejla
Institute of Addiction and Forensic Sciences, Üsküdar University, E Block, Central Campus, İstanbul, 34662, Türkiye.
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Forensic Sciences, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, 34662, Türkiye.
Int J Legal Med. 2025 Jul;139(4):1453-1463. doi: 10.1007/s00414-025-03445-x. Epub 2025 Feb 18.
Forensic sciences encompass a comprehensive application of various scientific disciplines working together to solve crimes. In forensic cases, identification is the primary procedure. Due to the variety of crimes, difficulties can arise in identification. The ability to extract DNA from all types of biological tissues has made DNA analysis one of the most frequently used and reliable methods in identification. Teeth, which are noted for their relatively low degradation over long periods despite exposure to environmental, physical, and chemical factors, and their ability to securely preserve DNA material, are among the most used samples in DNA analysis. With the evolution of crime and methods of concealing it, body integrity-threatening procedures such as exposure to acids are frequently used by perpetrators. However, several studies have shown that DNA can still be recovered from dental samples exposed to various chemicals for specific durations. This study aimed to recover DNA from teeth exposed to strong acids. Dental samples obtained from volunteers were exposed to strong acids, including HCl, HNO, and HSO, for 8, 12, and 120 hours, respectively, with each duration parameter tested separately. Following exposure, DNA isolation was performed, and the amount of DNA was assessed. Samples deemed suitable for identification underwent PCR and electrophoresis to obtain DNA profiles. The results showed that it was possible to successfully obtain a full DNA profile from molars exposed to sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acid for up to 24 h, while it was possible to obtain a partial DNA profile from molars exposed to sulfuric acid for up to 120 h.
法医学涵盖了多种科学学科的综合应用，这些学科协同工作以解决犯罪问题。在法医案件中，鉴定是首要程序。由于犯罪类型多样，鉴定过程中可能会出现困难。从所有类型的生物组织中提取DNA的能力使DNA分析成为鉴定中最常用且可靠的方法之一。牙齿因其在长期暴露于环境、物理和化学因素下相对较低的降解率以及安全保存DNA物质的能力，成为DNA分析中最常用的样本之一。随着犯罪及其隐匿方法的演变，犯罪者经常使用诸如接触酸等威胁身体完整性的手段。然而，多项研究表明，从暴露于各种化学物质特定时长的牙齿样本中仍可回收DNA。本研究旨在从暴露于强酸的牙齿中回收DNA。从志愿者处获取的牙齿样本分别暴露于盐酸、硝酸和硫酸等强酸中8小时、12小时和120小时，每个时长参数单独测试。暴露后，进行DNA提取，并评估DNA的量。被认为适合鉴定的样本进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）和电泳以获得DNA图谱。结果表明，从暴露于硫酸、盐酸和硝酸长达24小时的臼齿中成功获得完整DNA图谱是可能的，而从暴露于硫酸长达120小时的臼齿中获得部分DNA图谱是可能的。
