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COVID-19 study quantifying daily viral loads confirms throat samples are key to early diagnosis.一项对新冠病毒每日病毒载量进行量化的研究证实，咽喉样本是早期诊断的关键。
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Apr;111(4):116742. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742. Epub 2025 Feb 13.
2
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Throat Spray with Selected Lactobacilli in COVID-19 Outpatients.一项针对 COVID-19 门诊患者使用含选定乳杆菌的喉喷雾剂的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验。
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Oct 26;10(5):e0168222. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01682-22. Epub 2022 Sep 26.
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Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in combined nasal-and-throat swabs collected from COVID-19 individuals under the Universal Community Testing Programme in Hong Kong.评估香港全民检测计划中 COVID-19 个体采集的鼻喉合并拭子中 SARS-CoV-2 病毒载量。
J Virol Methods. 2022 Feb;300:114396. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114396. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
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Daily SARS-CoV-2 Nasal Antigen Tests Miss Infected and Presumably Infectious People Due to Viral Load Differences among Specimen Types.由于标本类型中病毒载量的差异，每日 SARS-CoV-2 鼻拭子抗原检测会漏检感染和可能具有传染性的人群。
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Extreme differences in SARS-CoV-2 viral loads among respiratory specimen types during presumed pre-infectious and infectious periods.在假定的感染前期和感染期，呼吸道标本类型之间的新冠病毒载量存在极大差异。
PNAS Nexus. 2023 Mar 14;2(3):pgad033. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad033. eCollection 2023 Mar.
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Viral loads in clinical samples of men with monkeypox virus infection: a French case series.猴痘病毒感染男性临床样本中的病毒载量：一项法国病例系列研究。
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Viral loads, lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in asymptomatic, mildly and critical symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective study.无症状、轻度和重症有症状 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者的病毒载量、淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子：一项回顾性研究。
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Viral loads in throat and anal swabs in children infected with SARS-CoV-2.儿童感染 SARS-CoV-2 后咽喉和肛门拭子中的病毒载量。
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Correlation of patient symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant viral loads in nasopharyngeal and saliva samples and their influence on the performance of rapid antigen testing.患者症状与鼻咽和唾液样本中 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株病毒载量的相关性及其对快速抗原检测性能的影响。
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Induction of interferon response by high viral loads at early stage infection may protect against severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients.早期高病毒载量诱导干扰素反应可能有助于预防 COVID-19 患者的重症结局。
Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 3;11(1):15715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95197-y.

本文引用的文献

1
Effectiveness and user experience of nose and throat swabbing techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection: results from the UK COVID-19 National Testing Programme.用于检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的鼻咽拭子采样技术的有效性和用户体验：英国2019冠状病毒病国家检测计划的结果
BMC Glob Public Health. 2025 Jan 13;3(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s44263-024-00121-x.
2
The unrecognized importance of the throat in the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection.喉咙在新冠病毒2型感染早期未被认识到的重要性。
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Mar;111(3):116650. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116650. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
3
Validating Combination Throat-Nasal Swab Specimens for COVID-19 Tests Would Improve Early Detection, Especially for the Most Vulnerable.验证组合式咽鼻拭子标本用于 COVID-19 检测可提高早期检测率，尤其是对最脆弱人群。
Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 15;79(4):815-818. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae381.
4
COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests With Self-Collected vs Health Care Worker-Collected Nasal and Throat Swab Specimens: A Randomized Clinical Trial.COVID-19 抗原快速检测试剂：与自我采集和医护人员采集的鼻腔和咽喉拭子标本的比较：一项随机临床试验。
JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Dec 1;6(12):e2344295. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44295.
5
Daily SARS-CoV-2 Nasal Antigen Tests Miss Infected and Presumably Infectious People Due to Viral Load Differences among Specimen Types.由于标本类型中病毒载量的差异，每日 SARS-CoV-2 鼻拭子抗原检测会漏检感染和可能具有传染性的人群。
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Aug 17;11(4):e0129523. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01295-23. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
6
Extreme differences in SARS-CoV-2 viral loads among respiratory specimen types during presumed pre-infectious and infectious periods.在假定的感染前期和感染期，呼吸道标本类型之间的新冠病毒载量存在极大差异。
PNAS Nexus. 2023 Mar 14;2(3):pgad033. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad033. eCollection 2023 Mar.
7
Investigating the Sensitivity of Nasal or Throat Swabs: Combination of Both Swabs Increases the Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Tests.研究鼻腔或咽喉拭子的敏感性：联合使用两种拭子可提高 SARS-CoV-2 快速抗原检测的敏感性。
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Aug 31;10(4):e0021722. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00217-22. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
8
Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge in young adults.在年轻成年人中进行 SARS-CoV-2 人体挑战的安全性、耐受性和病毒动力学。
Nat Med. 2022 May;28(5):1031-1041. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01780-9. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
9
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction and BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Tests at a Community Site During an Omicron Surge : A Cross-Sectional Study.在奥密克戎疫情期间社区检测点比较 SARS-CoV-2 逆转录酶聚合酶链反应和 BinaxNOW 快速抗原检测：一项横断面研究。
Ann Intern Med. 2022 May;175(5):682-690. doi: 10.7326/M22-0202. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

COVID-19 study quantifying daily viral loads confirms throat samples are key to early diagnosis.

作者信息

Viloria Winnett Alexander, Shelby Natasha, Ismagilov Rustem F

机构信息

Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA; UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, Los Angeles CA, USA.

Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, USA.

出版信息

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Apr;111(4):116742. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742. Epub 2025 Feb 13.

DOI:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116742
PMID:39965480
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11932388/
Abstract
摘要