新冠病毒感染后中国女性月经特征及相关因素的改变：一项横断面研究
Alterations in menstrual characteristics and associated factors in Chinese women post SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Jiang Yumin, Li Yunqing, Huang Yuhua
机构信息
Gynecology department, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No.23 Art Museum Back St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2025 Feb 18;25(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12905-025-03592-8.
OBJECTIVE
Following a significant relaxation of restrictions in China on December 7, 2022, after a surge in SARS-CoV-2 infections, an uptick in women presenting with menstrual disorders was observed in clinics. This study aimed to explore the alterations in menstrual characteristics and associated factors post SARS-CoV-2 infection.
METHODS
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 869 non-amenorrheic adult Chinese females (aged 18-53) to study the changes in menstrual characteristics and other infection-related factors post initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reported menstrual changes (group A) were compared to the reported no menstrual changes (group B). Data collected included basic individual-level information such as age, height, weight, menstrual history, reproductive and menstrual disorders, chronic diseases, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, COVID-19 symptoms, and changes in menstrual characteristics (regularity, period volume, and degree of dysmenorrhea) post SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS
Of the 869 participants, 442 (50.9%, group A) reported alterations in at least one menstrual characteristic; 171 (19.7%) experienced an extended menstrual cycle, and 122 (14.0%) reported a decrease in menstrual volume. Participants who reported menstrual changes (group A) were more likely to have pre-existing chronic diseases (7.7% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.003) and exhibit more symptoms of COVID-19 during the acute (4.94 vs. 4.03, P < 0.001) and recovery (4.37 vs. 3.41, P < 0.001) phases. These participants were also more likely to report fever as a COVID-19 symptom (93.4% vs. 86.9%, P = 0.001) and experienced a longer duration of fever (2.25 vs. 1.96 days, P = 0.001) as compared to group B. Notably, group A with chronic diseases, fewer vaccine doses, and more COVID-19-related symptoms experienced more frequent menstrual changes post COVID-19 (P < 0.05) than group B.
CONCLUSION
Participants with chronic diseases, fewer vaccination doses, and more COVID-19-related symptoms may experience more frequent menstrual changes post COVID-19 infection according to the self-report results in this study.
目的
2022年12月7日中国大幅放宽限制措施后，新型冠状病毒感染激增，临床发现月经紊乱的女性有所增加。本研究旨在探讨新型冠状病毒感染后月经特征的变化及相关因素。
方法
对869名非闭经成年中国女性（年龄18 - 53岁）进行横断面在线调查，以研究初次感染新型冠状病毒后月经特征及其他感染相关因素的变化。将报告有月经变化的人群（A组）与报告无月经变化的人群（B组）进行比较。收集的数据包括基本个人信息，如年龄、身高、体重、月经史、生殖和月经紊乱、慢性病、新型冠状病毒疫苗接种状况、新冠症状以及新型冠状病毒感染后月经特征（规律性、月经量、痛经程度）的变化。
结果
869名参与者中，442人（50.9%，A组）报告至少一项月经特征有改变；171人（19.7%）月经周期延长，122人（14.0%）报告月经量减少。报告有月经变化的参与者（A组）更可能有既往慢性病（7.7%对3.0%，P = 0.003），并且在急性期（4.94对4.03，P < 0.001）和恢复期（4.37对3.41，P < 0.001）表现出更多新冠症状。与B组相比，这些参与者也更可能报告发热为新冠症状（93.4%对86.9%，P = 0.001），且发热持续时间更长（2.25天对1.96天，P = 0.001）。值得注意的是，有慢性病、疫苗接种剂量较少且新冠相关症状较多的A组在感染新冠后月经变化比B组更频繁（P < 0.05）。
结论
根据本研究的自我报告结果，患有慢性病、疫苗接种剂量较少且新冠相关症状较多的参与者在感染新冠后可能经历更频繁的月经变化。
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