Yang Xiaoyi, Yang Ruijun, Xu Yang, Zang Shuang
Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Arch Med Sci. 2024 Apr 19;20(6):1831-1840. doi: 10.5114/aoms/186875. eCollection 2024.
Liver cancer is one of the most common tumors in the world. Patients with liver cancer usually face substantial physical, psychological, and social burdens, which has created a great demand and expectation to ease the burden in all aspects. This study aimed to develop and validate the Treatment Expectation Scale for patients with Liver Cancer (TES-LC).
The study was conducted in three phases. In the first stage, we used literature reviews and semi-structured interviews to generate the items to be included in the questionnaire TES-LC (version 1). In the second stage, two rounds of the Delphi expert consultation method were used to modify the first version to form TES-LC (version 2). In the third stage, projects were selected through project analysis and exploratory factor analysis to create TES-LC (version 3); then version 3 was tested for reliability and validity to generate version 4.
The final version of the TES-LC contains 19 items in 5 dimensions: disease symptoms, practical needs, psychological state, emotional satisfaction, and social function. Five common factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, explaining 60.11% of the variance. In the validation factor analysis, the fitting effect of the five-factor model was satisfactory after modification. The TES-LC had good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.911 for the total scale.
The TES-LC developed in this study has good reliability and validity and can provide a standardized tool for measuring treatment expectancy in patients with liver cancer, which is of good clinical utility.
肝癌是世界上最常见的肿瘤之一。肝癌患者通常面临巨大的身体、心理和社会负担，这使得人们对减轻各方面负担产生了强烈的需求和期望。本研究旨在开发并验证肝癌患者治疗期望量表（TES-LC）。
本研究分三个阶段进行。在第一阶段，我们通过文献综述和半结构化访谈来生成纳入问卷TES-LC（版本1）的条目。在第二阶段，采用两轮德尔菲专家咨询法对第一版进行修改，形成TES-LC（版本2）。在第三阶段，通过项目分析和探索性因素分析筛选项目，创建TES-LC（版本3）；然后对版本3进行信效度检验，生成版本4。
TES-LC的最终版本包含19个条目，分为5个维度：疾病症状、实际需求、心理状态、情感满意度和社会功能。通过探索性因素分析提取出5个共同因素，解释了60.11%的方差变异。在验证性因素分析中，五因素模型经修正后的拟合效果良好。TES-LC具有良好的内部一致性，总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.911。
本研究开发的TES-LC具有良好的信效度，可为测量肝癌患者的治疗期望提供标准化工具，具有良好的临床实用性。
