Zisook S, Shuchter S R
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1985 Apr;7(2):95-100. doi: 10.1016/0163-8343(85)90017-9.
This article reports the results of a survey on 300 widows and widowers who experienced spousal bereavement weeks to years prior to the study, and discusses the symptoms, syndromes, and behaviors seen at various time intervals. Although the reactions to widowhood were highly variable and individual, it was clear that for many widows and widowers, the time course of grief was much more prolonged than generally expected. Dysphoric feelings, symptoms, and behaviors were most frequent during the first year of bereavement, but often remained present even four or more years after the death. In particular, anger, guilt, depression, and anxiety tended to diminish over time, but not to statistically significant degrees. Many widows and widowers never fully accepted the fact of their spouses' deaths and maintained a continuing relationship with their deceased spouses, in their own ways, indefinitely. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
本文报告了一项针对300名寡妇和鳏夫的调查结果，这些人在研究前数周乃至数年经历了配偶丧亡，并讨论了在不同时间间隔出现的症状、综合征及行为表现。尽管对丧偶的反应高度因人而异，但很明显，对许多寡妇和鳏夫而言，悲伤的时间进程比一般预期长得多。烦躁情绪、症状及行为在丧亲后的第一年最为常见，但即使在配偶去世四年或更久之后往往仍会存在。尤其是愤怒、内疚、抑郁和焦虑往往会随时间而减轻，但未达到统计学上的显著程度。许多寡妇和鳏夫从未完全接受配偶死亡的事实，并以自己的方式与已故配偶保持着一种持续的关系，这种关系会无限期地持续下去。本文还讨论了这些研究结果的意义以及未来研究的方向。
