Lekhavadhani Sundaravadhanan, Babu Sushma, Shanmugavadivu Abinaya, Selvamurugan Nagarajan
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2025 Jun;250:114570. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114570. Epub 2025 Feb 17.
Approximately 5-10 % of fractures are associated with non-union, posing a significant challenge in orthopedic applications. Addressing this issue, innovative approaches beyond traditional grafting techniques like bone tissue engineering (BTE) are required. Biomaterials, combined with cells and bioactive molecules in BTE, are critical in managing non-union. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide, has gained widespread recognition in bone regeneration due to its bioavailability, its ability to form gels through crosslinking with divalent cations, and its cost-effectiveness. However, its inherent mechanical weaknesses necessitate a combinatorial approach with other biomaterials. In recent years, nanoscale biomaterials have gained prominence for bone regeneration due to their structural and compositional resemblance to natural bone, offering a supportive environment that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation for new bone formation. In this review, we briefly outline the synthesis of alginate-based nanocomposites using different fabrication techniques, such as hydrogels, 3D-printed scaffolds, fibers, and surface coatings with polymer, ceramic, carbon, metal, or lipid-based nanoparticles. These alginate-based nanocomposites elicit angiogenic, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties, thereby enhancing the osteogenic potential as an insightful measure for treating non-union. Despite the existence of similar literature, this work delivers a recent and focused examination of the latest advancements and insights on the potential of alginate-based nanocomposites for BTE applications. This review also underscores the obstacles that alginate-based nanocomposites must overcome to successfully transition into clinical applications.
约5% - 10%的骨折与骨不连相关，这在骨科应用中构成了重大挑战。为解决这一问题，需要超越传统移植技术（如骨组织工程，BTE）的创新方法。在骨组织工程中，生物材料与细胞和生物活性分子相结合，对于处理骨不连至关重要。藻酸盐是一种天然多糖，因其生物可利用性、通过与二价阳离子交联形成凝胶的能力以及成本效益，在骨再生中获得了广泛认可。然而，其固有的机械弱点需要与其他生物材料采用组合方法。近年来，纳米级生物材料因其在结构和组成上与天然骨相似，在骨再生中受到关注，为新骨形成提供了一个调节细胞增殖和分化的支持性环境。在本综述中，我们简要概述了使用不同制造技术合成基于藻酸盐的纳米复合材料，如与聚合物、陶瓷、碳、金属或脂质基纳米颗粒形成水凝胶、3D打印支架、纤维和表面涂层。这些基于藻酸盐的纳米复合材料具有促血管生成、抗菌和免疫调节特性，从而增强成骨潜力，作为治疗骨不连的一种有见地的措施。尽管存在类似文献，但本工作对基于藻酸盐的纳米复合材料在骨组织工程应用中的最新进展和潜力进行了近期且有针对性的研究。本综述还强调了基于藻酸盐的纳米复合材料成功转化为临床应用必须克服的障碍。
