Esmaeili Hossein, Almasi Chegeni Saba, Joghataei Seyed Mehdi, Lotfalizadeh Mehrabadi Peyman, Shokrpoor Sara
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, P.O.Box: 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 20;15(1):6133. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90904-5.
Hemorrhagic abomasitis, also known as Salivary Abomasum Disease (SAD), is a largely under-researched condition affecting young lambs and kids, often leading to high mortality rates and significant economic losses. The disease's etiopathogenesis, risk factors, and clinical features remain poorly understood. Existing studies have been limited and fragmented, leading to misdiagnoses and confusion about its true nature. Given the lack of a comprehensive investigation into SAD's incidence, risk factors, and causative agents, this study aims to provide a thorough analysis through clinical, necropsy, histopathological, microbiological, and molecular examinations. This study involved 633 kids, with 323 in the SAD group and 310 in the control group. A multifaceted approach was utilized, encompassing clinical evaluations, necropsies, histopathological assessments, risk factors, and microbiological and molecular analyses, focusing on investigating virulence genes. During the kidding season, 323 deaths were linked to SAD, with a mean disease duration of 1.34 ± 0.54 days. The highest incidence occurred in the 8-14 day age group, accounting for 51.7% of cases (p < 0.05). The dominant clinical symptoms included weakness, lethargy, depression, failure to suckle, reluctance to move, significantly reduced mobility, unsteady gait, and a withdrawn demeanor. Necropsy findings consistently showed dark hemorrhagic content in the abomasum and characteristic "coffee grain" lesions, with no abnormalities in other organs. Escherichia coli was isolated in 63% of sampled kids, significantly more than in controls (p < 0.03), and confirmed through molecular analysis. Examination of virulence genes highlighted the presence of hlyA, stx1, cnf1, stx2, and eaeA in complex combinations linked to severe abomasum damage. Poor bed and bottle hygiene were identified as the primary risk factors for SAD (p < 0.001), with risk escalating in the later stages of the kidding season as farm conditions deteriorated. This study thoroughly re-evaluates hemorrhagic abomasitis in young kids, delivering valuable and reliable insights into this fatal disease. Based on multifaceted analyses, it strongly indicates E. coli as the primary causative agent.
出血性皱胃炎，也称为唾液性皱胃病（SAD），是一种研究尚不充分的疾病，影响幼龄羔羊和山羊，常导致高死亡率和重大经济损失。该疾病的病因发病机制、风险因素和临床特征仍知之甚少。现有研究有限且零散，导致误诊以及对其真实性质的混淆。鉴于缺乏对SAD发病率、风险因素和病原体的全面调查，本研究旨在通过临床、尸检、组织病理学、微生物学和分子检查进行全面分析。本研究涉及633只山羊，其中SAD组323只，对照组310只。采用了多方面的方法，包括临床评估、尸检、组织病理学评估、风险因素以及微生物学和分子分析，重点研究毒力基因。在产羔季节，323例死亡与SAD有关，平均病程为1.34±0.54天。发病率最高的是8至14日龄组，占病例的51.7%（p<0.05）。主要临床症状包括虚弱、嗜睡、抑郁、拒食、不愿活动、活动明显减少、步态不稳和神情退缩。尸检结果始终显示皱胃中有深色出血内容物和特征性的“咖啡颗粒”病变，其他器官无异常。63%的采样山羊中分离出大肠杆菌，显著多于对照组（p<0.03），并通过分子分析得到证实。对毒力基因的检测突出显示hlyA、stx1、cnf1、stx2和eaeA以复杂组合形式存在，与严重的皱胃损伤有关。产床和奶瓶卫生差被确定为SAD的主要风险因素（p<0.001），随着产羔季节后期农场条件恶化，风险加剧。本研究对幼龄山羊的出血性皱胃炎进行了全面重新评估，为这种致命疾病提供了有价值且可靠的见解。基于多方面分析，强烈表明大肠杆菌是主要病原体。
