Booman Anna, Foster Byron A, Lyon-Scott Kristin, Marino Miguel, Snowden Jonathan M, Boone-Heinonen Janne
School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States.
School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2025 Jan 24;50:102984. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102984. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Understanding of twin growth in the United States (US) is based on outdated or predominantly non-Hispanic White samples, and the age at which twins catch up to singletons is unclear. In this study, we characterized normative weight trajectories of twins and singletons in a contemporary, diverse cohort.
Data were from the PROMISE study, an electronic health record-based cohort of pregnant people and their children in the US (2005-2021). The Jenss model was used to characterize weight trajectories from 0 to 24 months of age. Twins ( = 716) were compared to the full cohort of singletons ( = 40,075) and a matched sample with similar gestational age at birth (GA) ( = 7160).
Male and female twins had lower birth weight compared to singletons and experienced a high rate of weight gain throughout infancy. Among males, twins caught up in weight to the full singleton cohort and to GA-matched singletons at approximately 12 and 6 months, respectively. Among females, twins caught up to GA-matched singletons at approximately 15 months but did not fully overcome their birth weight disadvantage to the full singleton sample by 24 months.
These findings highlight that the use of singleton growth charts or preterm singleton growth charts among twins may be inappropriate and suggest the need for a twin-specific growth chart. Future research is needed to understand factors that drive differences in weight trajectories between twins and singletons and to guide twin-specific guidelines.
目前对于美国双胞胎生长情况的了解是基于过时的样本或主要为非西班牙裔白人的样本，且双胞胎追赶上单胎婴儿的年龄尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们对一个当代多样化队列中双胞胎和单胎婴儿的体重标准轨迹进行了特征描述。
数据来自PROMISE研究，这是一项基于电子健康记录的美国孕妇及其子女队列研究（2005 - 2021年）。使用延斯模型来描述0至24个月龄的体重轨迹。将双胞胎（n = 716）与整个单胎婴儿队列（n = 40,075）以及出生时胎龄相似的匹配样本（n = 7160）进行比较。
与单胎婴儿相比，双胞胎出生体重较低，且在整个婴儿期体重增加率较高。在男性中，双胞胎分别在大约12个月和6个月时体重追赶上整个单胎婴儿队列和胎龄匹配的单胎婴儿。在女性中，双胞胎在大约15个月时追赶上胎龄匹配的单胎婴儿，但到24个月时仍未完全克服其相对于整个单胎婴儿样本的出生体重劣势。
这些发现凸显了在双胞胎中使用单胎婴儿生长图表或早产单胎婴儿生长图表可能不合适，并表明需要一个针对双胞胎的生长图表。未来需要开展研究以了解驱动双胞胎和单胎婴儿体重轨迹差异的因素，并指导制定针对双胞胎的指南。
