Zhou Zijie, van Hooij Anouk, van Dijk J Hessel M, Musch Nina, Pierneef Louise, Khalid Hamza, Franken Kees, Holder Thomas, Watt Neil, Michel Anita L, Codée Jeroen D C, Vordermeier Martin, Corstjens Paul L A M, van der Heijden Elisabeth M D L, Hope Jayne C, Geluk Annemieke
Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
One Health. 2025 Jan 28;20:100982. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.100982. eCollection 2025 Jun.
, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), causes significant financial losses in the agricultural industry. Additionally, transmission from animals to humans can result in zoonotic TB, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlighting the need to enhance One Health surveillance to mitigate this threat. Antibodies directed against a major mycobacterial cell wall component of , phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), have shown excellent performance in identifying infection in humans and animals. In this study, we therefore investigated whether antibodies against PGL similarly represent a useful biomarker for infection in cattle. Comparing sera from naturally -infected and the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCT)-negative cattle, we assessed the potential of PGL antibodies to identify this mycobacterial infection. Our results show that serum levels of anti- PGL IgG and -IgM in -infected cattle were significantly higher than in the SICCT-negative cattle. The sensitivity for anti- PGL IgM in infected animals was, however, moderate (44.9 %) and the false-positive rate was 6.3 % in SICCT-negative cattle. Notably, vaccination with BCG- or heat-killed did not affect serum levels of anti- PGL IgM in cattle. Moreover, none of the 57 anti- PGL-seropositive cattle tested positive in the anti- PGL-I assay. This study shows for the first time that anti PGL antibodies can be detected in infected cattle: anti- PGL IgM is a highly specific, but moderately sensitive biomarker for infection in cattle, showing potential for differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). It could be a valuable component in a multi-biomarker approach for diagnosing bTB.
牛结核病（bTB）的病原体，给农业产业造成了重大经济损失。此外，从动物传播给人类可导致人畜共患结核病，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs），这凸显了加强“同一健康”监测以减轻这一威胁的必要性。针对牛分枝杆菌主要细胞壁成分酚糖脂-I（PGL-I）的抗体，在识别牛分枝杆菌感染的人类和动物方面表现出色。因此，在本研究中，我们调查了针对牛分枝杆菌PGL的抗体是否同样是牛感染牛分枝杆菌的有用生物标志物。通过比较自然感染牛分枝杆菌的牛和单次皮内比较颈淋巴结结核菌素试验（SICCT）阴性牛的血清，我们评估了牛分枝杆菌PGL抗体识别这种分枝杆菌感染的潜力。我们的结果表明，感染牛分枝杆菌的牛血清中抗牛分枝杆菌PGL IgG和IgM水平显著高于SICCT阴性牛。然而，感染动物中抗牛分枝杆菌PGL IgM的敏感性中等（44.9%），SICCT阴性牛的假阳性率为6.3%。值得注意的是，用卡介苗或热灭活的牛分枝杆菌疫苗接种不会影响牛血清中抗牛分枝杆菌PGL IgM水平。此外，在抗PGL-I检测中，57头抗PGL血清阳性牛均未检测呈阳性。本研究首次表明，在感染牛中可检测到抗牛分枝杆菌PGL抗体：抗牛分枝杆菌PGL IgM是牛感染牛分枝杆菌的高度特异性但中等敏感性的生物标志物，显示出区分感染动物和接种疫苗动物（DIVA）的潜力。它可能是诊断牛结核病的多生物标志物方法中的一个有价值的组成部分。
