Rao Amrita, Pachuau Henry Zodinliana, Panda Samiran, Chawngthu Richard L, Zomuanpuii Rita, Hemade Pranoti, Nirmalkar Amit
Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research (NITVAR), Pune, India.
Department of Social Work, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India.
Front Public Health. 2025 Feb 5;13:1408990. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1408990. eCollection 2025.
INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the potential of HIV self-test (HIVST) to reach individuals who otherwise might not access testing or antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study had two main objectives: (a) to develop an HIV self-test implementation plan based on the findings from qualitative inquiries with local stakeholders and (b) to examine HIVST uptake among youths in the urban setting of Aizawl district in Mizoram. METHODOLOGY: In the first phase, qualitative in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with HIV program officials, religious leaders, community influencers, youths, and key population groups. These inquiries guided the planning of strategic communication, community engagement, HIVST delivery, and linkages with HIV confirmatory testing services in phase two. Factors associated with the non-uptake of HIV confirmatory tests by youths following HIVST were analyzed quantitatively. Additionally, secondary data collected from attendees of the "Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre" (ICTC) were also analyzed. RESULTS: The in-depth interviews underscored the need to introduce HIVST among Mizo youths. The respondents emphasized the importance of diverse outreach approaches and communication strategies, including the use of social media platforms, as critical components for successful HIVST implementation. They also provided valuable insights on the optimal locations and methods for making HIVST kits accessible. Among the youths who used HIVST, the majority were first-time testers (1,772/2,101; 84.3%). Those diagnosed with an undiagnosed HIV infection were started on ART. The preference for the blood-based HIVST format (1,162/2101; 55%) was noted to be slightly higher than the saliva-based format. Confirmatory test uptake was significantly higher among those with sero-reactive HIVST results ( 23.89; < 0.001). Factors independently associated with (adjusted odds ratio; AOR with 95% CI) "no-show for HIV confirmatory tests," which hold significant programmatic implications, included "age > 20 years (1.47; 1.18-1.82)," "gender (men)" (1.25; 1.01-1.55), "education below 10th standard" (5.16; 2.66-10.01), "no prior HIV testing experience" (2.12; 1.61-2.81), and "unwillingness to undergo HIV confirmatory testing" (2.85; 2.05-3.96). Individuals who opted for the blood-based HIVST were 23% less likely (AOR 0.77; 95% CI; 0.62-0.96) to drop out of the HIV confirmatory testing process. Additionally, only 1% of respondents perceived HIVST as having self-harm potential. CONCLUSION: Sustained community engagement, effective networking with HIV program officials, and strategic communication were three critical pillars supporting the successful implementation of HIVST. There was a significant increase in HIVST uptake among young first-time testers.
引言:本研究调查了艾滋病毒自我检测(HIVST)覆盖那些否则可能无法获得检测或抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的个人的潜力。该研究有两个主要目标:(a)根据对当地利益相关者的定性调查结果制定艾滋病毒自我检测实施计划,以及(b)在米佐拉姆邦艾藻尔区的城市环境中调查青少年对艾滋病毒自我检测的接受情况。 方法:在第一阶段,对艾滋病毒项目官员、宗教领袖、社区有影响力的人、青少年和关键人群组进行了定性深入访谈(IDI)。这些调查为第二阶段的战略沟通、社区参与、艾滋病毒自我检测服务提供以及与艾滋病毒确证检测服务的联系规划提供了指导。对青少年在进行艾滋病毒自我检测后未接受艾滋病毒确证检测的相关因素进行了定量分析。此外,还分析了从“综合咨询与检测中心”(ICTC)的参与者收集的二手数据。 结果:深入访谈强调了在米佐青少年中引入艾滋病毒自我检测的必要性。受访者强调了多种外展方法和沟通策略的重要性,包括使用社交媒体平台,这是成功实施艾滋病毒自我检测的关键组成部分。他们还就获取艾滋病毒自我检测试剂盒的最佳地点和方法提供了宝贵的见解。在使用艾滋病毒自我检测的青少年中,大多数是首次检测者(1772/2101;84.3%)。那些被诊断出未被诊断出的艾滋病毒感染的人开始接受抗逆转录病毒疗法。据指出,对基于血液的艾滋病毒自我检测形式的偏好(1162/2101;55%)略高于基于唾液的形式。艾滋病毒自我检测结果呈血清反应阳性的人接受确证检测的比例显著更高(23.89;<0.001)。与“未参加艾滋病毒确证检测”独立相关的因素(调整后的优势比;AOR及95%置信区间)具有重大的项目意义,包括“年龄>20岁(1.47;1.18 - 1.82)”、“性别(男性)”(1.25;1.01 - 1.55)、“十年级以下教育程度”(5.16;2.66 - 10.01)、“无先前艾滋病毒检测经验”(2.12;1.61 - 2.81)以及“不愿意接受艾滋病毒确证检测”(2.85;2.05 - 3.96)。选择基于血液的艾滋病毒自我检测的个体退出艾滋病毒确证检测过程的可能性降低23%(AOR 0.77;95%置信区间;0.62 - 0.96)。此外,只有1%的受访者认为艾滋病毒自我检测有自我伤害的可能性。 结论:持续的社区参与、与艾滋病毒项目官员的有效网络联系以及战略沟通是支持艾滋病毒自我检测成功实施的三个关键支柱。年轻的首次检测者对艾滋病毒自我检测的接受率显著提高。
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