Martín-Miguel Iván, Escudero-Tena Adrián, Bustamante-Sánchez Álvaro, Conde-Ripoll Rafael
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Percept Mot Skills. 2025 Jun;132(3):444-464. doi: 10.1177/00315125251320133. Epub 2025 Feb 20.
This study aimed to gather a compilation of intervention studies that address whether there are ways to get post-pubertal and adult tennis players of intermediate or higher level to enhance the velocity and accuracy of their groundstrokes. After searching Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus, 10 articles were analyzed. Findings from training protocol studies revealed that strength endurance sessions or medicine ball throws do not significantly affect the speed or accuracy of serves, forehands, and backhands. Similarly, wristbands with small weights used during on-court training also did not impact performance, without compromising technical tennis skills. However, a 6-week strength training program involving medicine ball throws or heavier rackets improved forehand stroke speed but reduced hitting accuracy. Additionally, vision training improved accuracy and speed in forehands, accuracy in backhands, and both accuracy and speed in serves. High-intensity interval training that included hitting drills did not improve stroke accuracy and temporarily reduced stroke speed and efficiency during sessions, although it increased maximal aerobic power. Notably, the use of motor imagery during recovery periods in high-intensity-interval-training helped maintain on-court performance. Proper training periodization leads to better adaptations and improvements. The studies also identified that grunting was found to improve stroke speed during forehand and backhand strokes without affecting perceived exertion, oxygen consumption, or fatigue. Regarding supplementation, a 10-week creatine regimen did not significantly affect serve speed, forehand speed, or backhand speed. These findings aim to optimize tennis players' performance by identifying effective training strategies.
本研究旨在收集一系列干预研究，以探讨是否存在方法能让青春期后及成年的中级或更高级别的网球运动员提高其击球的速度和准确性。在检索了科学网、Scopus和SportDiscus之后，对10篇文章进行了分析。训练方案研究的结果显示，力量耐力训练或药球投掷对发球、正手击球和反手击球的速度或准确性没有显著影响。同样，在场上训练时使用的带小重量的腕带也不会影响表现，且不会损害网球技术。然而，一项为期6周的包括药球投掷或更重球拍的力量训练计划提高了正手击球速度，但降低了击球准确性。此外，视觉训练提高了正手击球的准确性和速度、反手击球的准确性以及发球的准确性和速度。包括击球练习的高强度间歇训练并没有提高击球准确性，并且在训练期间暂时降低了击球速度和效率，尽管它增加了最大有氧能力。值得注意的是，在高强度间歇训练的恢复期间使用运动想象有助于维持场上表现。适当的训练周期安排会带来更好的适应性和提高。研究还发现，在正手和反手击球时发出吼声能提高击球速度，而不会影响主观用力感、耗氧量或疲劳程度。关于补充剂，为期10周的肌酸补充方案对发球速度、正手速度或反手速度没有显著影响。这些发现旨在通过确定有效的训练策略来优化网球运动员的表现。
