Elieh-Ali-Komi Daniel, Shafaghat Farzaneh, Alipoor Shamila D, Kazemi Tohid, Atiakshin Dmitrii, Pyatilova Polina, Maurer Marcus
Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2025 Feb 20;68(1):20. doi: 10.1007/s12016-025-09033-6.
Mast cells (MCs) communicate with other cells by direct cell-to-cell interaction, secreting mediators, and releasing exosomes (EXOs). MC-exosomes (MC-EXOs) contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), exhibit typical EXO markers such as heat shock proteins, tetraspanins, tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101), and ALG-2-interacting protein X (ALIX), and are released constitutively or following MC degranulation. MC-EXOs also have signature MC markers like FcεRI and KIT (CD117), which allows for their identification and comparison with other EXO populations. Following their release, MC-EXOs may interact with the recipient cell(s) directly or be internalized and then release their protein and nucleic acid content. This may contribute to the regulation of immune responses and other biological processes and reprogramming of recipient cells. MC-EXO proteins may integrate and become a functional part of the recipient cell membrane. The mRNA transferred by MC-EXOs is functional and the transfer of exosomal RNA to other MCs results in the expression of donor MC proteins in the recipient MCs. Moreover, MCs may function as the recipients of EXOs that are released by other non-immune and immune cells, altering the secretome of MCs. In this review, we focus on how MC-EXOs modulate the biology of other cells and vice versa; and we highlight the role of MC-EXOs in the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases.
肥大细胞（MCs）通过细胞间直接相互作用、分泌介质和释放外泌体（EXOs）与其他细胞进行通讯。MC外泌体（MC-EXOs）含有蛋白质、脂质、信使核糖核酸（mRNAs）和非编码核糖核酸（ncRNAs），表现出典型的EXO标志物，如热休克蛋白、四跨膜蛋白、肿瘤易感基因101蛋白（TSG101）和ALG-2相互作用蛋白X（ALIX），并且可组成性释放或在MC脱颗粒后释放。MC-EXOs还具有FcεRI和KIT（CD117）等标志性MC标志物，这有助于对其进行鉴定并与其他EXO群体进行比较。释放后，MC-EXOs可能直接与受体细胞相互作用，或被内化，然后释放其蛋白质和核酸成分。这可能有助于调节免疫反应和其他生物学过程以及对受体细胞进行重编程。MC-EXO蛋白可能整合并成为受体细胞膜的功能组成部分。MC-EXOs转移的mRNA具有功能，外泌体RNA转移至其他MC会导致受体MC中供体MC蛋白的表达。此外，MCs可能作为其他非免疫和免疫细胞释放的EXOs的受体，改变MCs的分泌组。在本综述中，我们重点关注MC-EXOs如何调节其他细胞的生物学功能，反之亦然；并且我们强调了MC-EXOs在过敏性和非过敏性疾病发病机制中的作用。
