Fonseca Cândida, Baptista Rui, Franco Fátima, Moura Brenda, Pimenta Joana, Moraes Sarmento Pedro, Cardoso José Silva, Brito Dulce
Heart Failure Clinic, Hospital S. Francisco Xavier, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.
Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de S. Francisco Xavier, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental, Estrada Forte Do Alto Do Duque, 1449-005, Lisbon, Portugal.
Heart Fail Rev. 2025 Feb 20. doi: 10.1007/s10741-025-10497-z.
For most patients with chronic heart failure (HF), the clinical course of the disease includes periods of apparent clinical stability punctuated by episodes of clinical deterioration with worsening signs and symptoms, a condition referred to as worsening heart failure (WHF). Over time, episodes of WHF may become more frequent, and patients may enter a cycle of recurrent events associated with deterioration in their quality of life and functional capacity, hospitalizations, and ultimately death. WHF is apparently an old concept but seems to have acquired new boundaries in terms of definition and clinical and prognostic value due to the fast-paced evolution of the HF treatment landscape and the emergence of new drugs in this setting. As a result, the management of WHF is being reshaped. In the present paper, a group of HF experts gathered to discuss the concept, prevention, detection, and treatment of WHF.
对于大多数慢性心力衰竭（HF）患者而言，该疾病的临床病程包括明显临床稳定期，其间穿插着临床症状恶化的发作期，这种情况被称为心力衰竭加重（WHF）。随着时间推移，WHF发作可能会变得更加频繁，患者可能会进入一个与生活质量和功能能力恶化、住院以及最终死亡相关的反复事件循环。WHF显然是一个古老的概念，但由于HF治疗领域的快速发展以及在此背景下新药的出现，其在定义、临床和预后价值方面似乎有了新的界定。因此，WHF的管理正在重塑。在本文中，一组HF专家齐聚一堂，讨论WHF的概念、预防、检测和治疗。
