转座子与宿主的军备竞赛：基因组进化的传奇故事。

Transposon-host arms race: a saga of genome evolution.

作者信息

Iwasaki Yuka W, Shoji Keisuke, Nakagwa Shinichi, Miyoshi Tomoichiro, Tomari Yukihide

机构信息

Laboratory for Functional Non-coding Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.

Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Laboratory of RNA Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.

出版信息

Trends Genet. 2025 May;41(5):369-389. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.009. Epub 2025 Feb 20.

DOI:10.1016/j.tig.2025.01.009

PMID:39979178

Abstract

Once considered 'junk DNA,' transposons or transposable elements (TEs) are now recognized as key drivers of genome evolution, contributing to genetic diversity, gene regulation, and species diversification. However, their ability to move within the genome poses a potential threat to genome integrity, promoting the evolution of robust host defense systems such as Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), the human silencing hub (HUSH) complex, 4.5SH RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). This ongoing evolutionary arms race between TEs and host defenses continuously reshapes genome architecture and function. This review outlines various host defense mechanisms and explores the dynamic coevolution of TEs and host defenses in animals, highlighting how the defense mechanisms not only safeguard the host genomes but also drive genetic innovation through the arms race.

摘要

转座子或转座元件（TEs）曾一度被视为“垃圾DNA”，如今却被公认为基因组进化的关键驱动力，有助于遗传多样性、基因调控和物种多样化。然而，它们在基因组内移动的能力对基因组完整性构成了潜在威胁，促使强大的宿主防御系统得以进化，如含Krüppel相关盒（KRAB）结构域的锌指蛋白（KRAB-ZFPs）、人类沉默枢纽（HUSH）复合体、4.5SH RNA和PIWI相互作用RNA（piRNAs）。转座子与宿主防御之间这场持续的进化军备竞赛不断重塑着基因组的结构和功能。本综述概述了各种宿主防御机制，并探讨了动物中转座子与宿主防御的动态协同进化，强调了防御机制不仅如何保护宿主基因组，还如何通过军备竞赛推动遗传创新。