Ponce-Hernández Amauri, Carranza-Álvarez Candy, Ceballos-Maldonado Juan Gilberto, Rubio-Gómez Javier Alexis, Martínez-Soto Domingo
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava #6, Zona Universitaria, CP. 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México.
Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada - Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, CP. 22860, Ensenada, B.C., México.
Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Feb 20;47(3):82. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02390-3.
This paper discusses information collected from original articles published between 1992 and 2022 regarding heavy metals (HMs) contamination in various environments across Mexico. The primary aim of this work was to identify the Mexican states where concentrations of HMs have been reported to exceed the maximum permissible limits for several types of soil, water, and sediment according to Mexican standards NOM-147-SEMARNAT/SSA1-2004, NOM-127-SSA1-2021, as well as international standards. The data collected indicates that 25 states in Mexico have reported at least one metal exceeding the maximum permissible limits in soil. Among these, Zacatecas, Nuevo Leon and Chihuahua had the highest number of HMs exceeding the standards. For sediment contamination, 26 states exceeded the permissible limits, with San Luis Potosí and Guerrero showing the highest number of HMs above the standards. Additionally, 26 states have reports of HMs exceeding the permissible limits in water, with Guanajuato and Guerrero having the highest number of HMs. Interestingly, the most frequent metals reported as soil contaminants are Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn; in sediment, they are Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn; and in water, they are Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The compiled information indicates that the primary anthropogenic sources of HMs release in Mexico include industrial activities, urban wastewater, mining, and agricultural practices. Furthermore, the data analyzed highlights several serious health risks associated with exposure to HMs, including cancer, central nervous system damage, DNA damage, and issues related to kidneys and lungs. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of HMs contamination in Mexico as well as the health challenges that arise from this contamination..
本文讨论了1992年至2022年间发表的原始文章中收集的关于墨西哥各地各种环境中重金属（HMs）污染的信息。这项工作的主要目的是根据墨西哥标准NOM - 147 - SEMARNAT/SSA1 - 2004、NOM - 127 - SSA1 - 2021以及国际标准，确定墨西哥哪些州报告的重金属浓度超过了几种类型土壤、水和沉积物的最大允许限值。收集到的数据表明，墨西哥有25个州报告至少有一种金属在土壤中的含量超过最大允许限值。其中，萨卡特卡斯州、新莱昂州和奇瓦瓦州超标重金属的数量最多。对于沉积物污染，有26个州超过了允许限值，圣路易斯波托西州和格雷罗州超标重金属的数量最多。此外，有26个州报告水中的重金属超过了允许限值，瓜纳华托州和格雷罗州超标重金属的数量最多。有趣的是，报告为土壤污染物的最常见金属是铜、铁、铅和锌；在沉积物中，是镉、铬、铜、铁、铅和锌；在水中，是镉、铬、铜、铁、锰、铅和锌。汇编的信息表明，墨西哥重金属排放的主要人为来源包括工业活动、城市废水、采矿和农业活动。此外，分析的数据突出了与接触重金属相关的几种严重健康风险，包括癌症、中枢神经系统损伤、DNA损伤以及与肾脏和肺部相关的问题。本文全面概述了墨西哥的重金属污染以及这种污染带来的健康挑战。
