The clinical and pharmacoeconomic impact of established and novel heart failure therapies.

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden worldwide. The pharmacological management of HF has evolved over time with various drug classes demonstrating efficacy in improving patient outcomes. This review examines the pharmacoeconomic aspects of these therapies, including common and newer HF therapies as angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, iron supplementation, and vericiguat, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator. By analysing cost-effectiveness studies and their implications on healthcare resource utilization, this paper aims to inform clinicians and policymakers on HF management optimization from both clinical and economic perspectives.