Brennan R E, Pollack H M
Urol Radiol. 1979;1(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/BF02926595.
A calyx which fails completely to opacify on excretory urography (phantom calyx) is often the harbinger of serious underlying renal disease. Causes of a phantom calyx include tuberculosis, tumor, calculus, ischemia, trauma, and congenital anomaly. The pathologic basis for the radiographic findings in each of these entities is described and an overall approach to diagnosis is set forth.
在排泄性尿路造影中完全不显影的肾盏（幻影肾盏）常常是严重潜在肾脏疾病的先兆。幻影肾盏的病因包括结核、肿瘤、结石、缺血、创伤和先天性异常。本文描述了这些病症中每一种的影像学表现的病理基础，并提出了总体诊断方法。
