Ota Yumeka, Yumiya Yui, Chimed-Ochir Odgerel, Hasegawa Aya, Yoshida Takahito, Nagata Tatsuhiro, Tanaka Junko, Ohge Hiroki, Kuwabara Masao, Kubo Tatsuhiko
Department of Public Health and Health Policy,Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Department of Public Health and Health Policy,Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
BMJ Open. 2025 Feb 22;15(2):e088377. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088377.
The purpose of the study is to compare the prevalence and associated risk factors of smell and/or taste disorders depending on different virus strains in Hiroshima, Japan.
A cross-sectional design was used.
Data were collected for all COVID-19-confirmed inpatients admitted to 27 hospitals in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan, between 8 April 2020 and 31 January 2023.
Smell and/or taste disorders were indicated by physicians on Hiroshima prefecture COVID-19 version J-SPEED forms completed at discharge.
The COVID-19 data from this period corresponds to the following four strains: Wild-dominant, Alpha-dominant, Delta-dominant and Omicron-dominant. A total of 11 353 confirmed cases were analysed and 1261 cases (11.11%) were reported for smell and/or taste disorders.Among patients with Wild-dominant, 241 out of 1141 cases (21.12%) exhibited smell and/or taste disorders. For Alpha, 223 out of 1265 cases (17.63%), for Delta, 480 out of 1516 cases (31.66%) and for Omicron, 317 out of 7431 cases (4.27%) presented with smell and/or taste disorders. For all four variants, age<65 (Wild: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.82-3.88; Alpha:aOR=2.00, 95%CI:1.39-2.88; Delta: aOR=2.42, 95%CI:1.54-3.81; Omicron: aOR=1.84, 95%CI:1.40-2.42) were related to smell and/or taste disorders. For the Wild and Delta variants, higher odds of reporting smell and/or taste disorders were found among wmen (Wild:aOR=1.63, 95%CI:1.20-2.22; Delta: aOR=1.41, 95%CI:1.10- 1.80).
The proportion of patients with smell and/or taste disorders varied significantly depending on the virus strain. Our findings indicate that the Delta-dominant period had the highest number of patients with these disorders, while the Omicron-dominant period had the lowest. Moreover, our study identified risk factors for smell and/or taste disorders for each variant.
本研究旨在比较日本广岛地区不同病毒株导致的嗅觉和/或味觉障碍的患病率及相关风险因素。
采用横断面设计。
收集了2020年4月8日至2023年1月31日期间日本广岛县27家医院收治的所有新冠确诊住院患者的数据。
医生在患者出院时填写的广岛县新冠J-SPEED表格中记录嗅觉和/或味觉障碍情况。
该时期的新冠数据对应以下四种毒株：野生毒株为主、阿尔法毒株为主、德尔塔毒株为主和奥密克戎毒株为主。共分析了11353例确诊病例，其中1261例（11.11%）报告有嗅觉和/或味觉障碍。在野生毒株为主的患者中，1141例中有241例（21.12%）出现嗅觉和/或味觉障碍。阿尔法毒株为主的患者中，1265例中有223例（17.63%）；德尔塔毒株为主的患者中，1516例中有480例（31.66%）；奥密克戎毒株为主的患者中，7431例中有317例（4.27%）出现嗅觉和/或味觉障碍。对于所有四种变体，年龄<65岁（野生毒株：调整优势比[aOR]=2.66，95%置信区间[CI]：1.82-3.88；阿尔法毒株：aOR=2.00，95%CI：1.39-2.88；德尔塔毒株：aOR=2.42，95%CI：1.54-3.81；奥密克戎毒株：aOR=1.84，95%CI：1.40-2.42）与嗅觉和/或味觉障碍有关。对于野生毒株和德尔塔变体，女性报告嗅觉和/或味觉障碍的几率更高（野生毒株：aOR=1.63，95%CI：1.20-2.22；德尔塔毒株：aOR=1.41，95%CI：1.10-1.80）。
嗅觉和/或味觉障碍患者的比例因病毒株不同而有显著差异。我们的研究结果表明，德尔塔毒株为主的时期此类障碍患者数量最多，而奥密克戎毒株为主的时期最少。此外，我们的研究确定了每种变体导致嗅觉和/或味觉障碍的风险因素。
