Alcala-Diaz Juan Francisco, Camargo Antonio, Vals-Delgado Cristina, Leon-Acuña Ana, Garcia-Fernandez Helena, Arenas-de Larriva Antonio P, Perez-Cardelo Magdalena, Mora-Ortiz Marina, Perez-Martinez Pablo, Delgado-Lista Javier, Malagon Maria Del Mar, Ordovas Jose M, Rangel-Zuñiga Oriol Alberto, Lopez-Miranda Jose
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
Nutr Diabetes. 2025 Feb 22;15(1):7. doi: 10.1038/s41387-025-00362-1.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently a major global public health problem. Although disease remission is possible, few biomarkers have been identified which can help us select the diet that best promotes remission. Our aim was to study the potential of miRNAs as a tool to apply the Mediterranean diet or the low-fat diet in order to achieve T2DM remission in patients with coronary heart disease.
From the CORDIOPREV study (n = 1002), a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled dietary intervention trial, all patients newly diagnosed with T2DM (n = 190) at baseline were included in the present study. Of these, after adhering to a low fat or Mediterranean diet for 60 months, 73 patients showed T2DM remission (Responders) and 110 continued with the disease (Non-responders). Plasma levels of 56 miRNAs were determined by RT-PCR. Generalized linear model, ROC curves and COX regression analyses were performed.
We observed that patients with low baseline plasma levels of miR-let7b-3p showed a high probability of T2DM remission after the consumption of a low-fat diet. In addition, patients with high levels of miR-141-5p, miR-182, and miR-192 at baseline showed a high probability of T2DM remission after following the Mediterranean diet. Scores built using miRNAs and clinical variables showed that high levels of a low-fat diet score and a high Mediterranean diet score were associated with a high probability of T2DM remission.
MiRNAs could be used as a tool for selecting the most efficient nutritional therapy (mediterranean or low-fat diet) to achieve T2DM remission in patients with coronary heart disease.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）目前是一个主要的全球公共卫生问题。尽管疾病缓解是可能的，但很少有生物标志物被确定，能够帮助我们选择最有利于促进缓解的饮食。我们的目的是研究微小RNA（miRNA）作为一种工具的潜力，以应用地中海饮食或低脂饮食，从而使冠心病患者实现T2DM缓解。
从CORDIOPREV研究（n = 1002），一项前瞻性、随机、单盲、对照饮食干预试验中，所有在基线时新诊断为T2DM（n = 190）的患者被纳入本研究。其中，在坚持低脂或地中海饮食60个月后，73例患者出现T2DM缓解（缓解者），110例患者疾病持续（未缓解者）。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测定56种miRNA的血浆水平。进行广义线性模型、ROC曲线和COX回归分析。
我们观察到，基线血浆miR-let7b-3p水平低的患者在食用低脂饮食后T2DM缓解的可能性很高。此外，基线时miR-141-5p、miR-182和miR-192水平高的患者在遵循地中海饮食后T2DM缓解的可能性很高。使用miRNA和临床变量构建的评分显示，高脂肪饮食评分和高地中海饮食评分与T2DM缓解的高可能性相关。
MiRNA可作为一种工具，用于选择最有效的营养治疗方法（地中海或低脂饮食），以使冠心病患者实现T2DM缓解。
