Li Jiali, Yao Xinni, Ma Jiateng, Liu Chuang, Hong Wenjun, Wu Haigang, Li Minjie, Guo Liang-Hong
College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 258 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
College of Energy Environment and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, 258 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
Analyst. 2025 Mar 11;150(6):1048-1065. doi: 10.1039/d4an01562b.
The detection of small molecule drugs is crucial in clinical treatment and environmental protection by facilitating the optimization of therapeutic regimens, preventing adverse drug reactions and monitoring environmental pollution. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is widely employed in the detection of small molecule drugs due to its high sensitivity and low background signal. This review highlights advancements from the last five years or so in ECL detection methods based on ECL reactions between luminophores and drugs as well as those based on affinity reactions between recognition molecules and drugs. Studies on affinity-based sensors including immunosensors, aptamer sensors, molecularly imprinted sensors, and composite material sensors are summarized. The review reveals that innovations in ECL luminophores, electrode materials and recognition materials are key areas of focus in this field. Nanomaterials play fundamentally important roles in enhancing the performance of ECL detection by acting as carriers of conventional luminophores, highly efficient luminescent materials, catalytically active electrode materials, and selective and stable recognition elements. With further advances in multiple drug detection, instrument miniaturization, on-site and point of care detection, and therapeutic monitoring, ECL is expected to play more significant roles in the detection of small molecule drugs.
小分子药物的检测在临床治疗和环境保护中至关重要，它有助于优化治疗方案、预防药物不良反应以及监测环境污染。由于具有高灵敏度和低背景信号，电化学发光（ECL）被广泛应用于小分子药物的检测。本综述重点介绍了过去五年左右基于发光体与药物之间的ECL反应以及基于识别分子与药物之间的亲和反应的ECL检测方法的进展。总结了基于亲和性的传感器的研究，包括免疫传感器、适体传感器、分子印迹传感器和复合材料传感器。该综述表明，ECL发光体、电极材料和识别材料的创新是该领域的关键重点领域。纳米材料通过作为传统发光体的载体、高效发光材料、具有催化活性的电极材料以及选择性和稳定的识别元件，在提高ECL检测性能方面发挥着根本性的重要作用。随着多药物检测、仪器小型化、现场和即时检测以及治疗监测的进一步发展，预计ECL在小分子药物检测中将发挥更重要的作用。
