Rahman H U, Rafiq N, Khan W, De Los Ríos Escalante P, Aldamigh M A
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan.
Helminthologia. 2024 Dec 31;61(4):286-292. doi: 10.2478/helm-2024-0039. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Diseases caused by intestinal parasites impose a substantial burden on the population of middle-income countries, including Pakistan. This research aimed to assess the risk factors for intestinal parasites in Malakand, Pakistan, school children. Three hundred sixty stool samples were collected from school children, of which 140 (39 %) tested positive for helminth, including taenids. The wet mount preparation in saline/iodine/methods was used for stool examination. The GraphPad Prism of version 5 was used to analyze the data, and the P value was considered significant when it was less than 0.05 % (at 95 % CI). Males were more infected at 40.7 % compared to female students at 33.3 %. (P>0.005 at 95 % CI). Among the helminth was the most prevalent 30.71 % (n=43), taeniid species 22.85 % (n=32), Hookworms12.14 % (n=17), 10 % (n=14), 7.85 % (n=1), 6.42 % (n=9), and 5.71 % (n=8) were reported. Age-wise prevalence was noted as the students aged 11 to 13 years were highly infected at 57.4 %, followed by 8 to 10 years at 48.8 %, while the least prevalence was noted in the age 5 to 7 years at 45.5 %. (P>0.005 at 95 % CI). Regarding the association of intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status of the students, 53.0 % had 10 to 11 inches in diameter upper arm circumference, and 49.4 % had 8 to 9 inches in upper arm circumference (P>0.05). Information on the students' locality and intestinal parasitic infection shows that students in rural areas were more infected, 54.1 %, compared to urban areas, 41.1 % (P value is 0.023 at 95 % CI). Based on the pattern of infection, 19.44 % (n=70/360) were single, 10.5 % (n=38/360) double, 6.11 % (n=22/360), and 2.77 % (n=10/360) quadruple infections had been recorded. The symptoms were abdominal pain, constipation, nausea or vomiting, stomach pain, blotting, and Diarrhea appearing after the taeniid infection. We conclude that since deworming is insufficient to control parasitic illnesses, there is a need for widespread campaigns to raise awareness about children's health and hygiene, as well as the necessity for the creation of efficient poverty control programs.
包括巴基斯坦在内的中等收入国家的人口，承受着由肠道寄生虫引起的疾病带来的沉重负担。本研究旨在评估巴基斯坦马拉坎德地区学童肠道寄生虫的风险因素。从学童中收集了360份粪便样本，其中140份（39%）检测出包括绦虫在内的蠕虫呈阳性。粪便检查采用生理盐水/碘液湿片法。使用版本5的GraphPad Prism软件分析数据，当P值小于0.05%（95%置信区间）时被认为具有统计学意义。男性感染率为40.7%，高于女生的33.3%。（95%置信区间，P>0.005）。在蠕虫感染中，最常见的是30.71%（n = 43），绦虫种类为22.85%（n = 32），钩虫为12.14%（n = 17），蛔虫为10%（n = 14），鞭虫为7.85%（n = 1），蛲虫为6.42%（n = 9），姜片虫为5.71%（n = 8）。按年龄划分的感染率显示，11至13岁的学生感染率最高，为57.4%，其次是8至10岁的学生，为48.8%，而5至7岁的学生感染率最低，为45.5%。（95%置信区间，P>0.005）。关于学生肠道寄生虫感染与营养状况的关联，53.0%的学生上臂围直径为10至11英寸，49.4%的学生上臂围直径为8至9英寸（P>0.05）。关于学生所在地区与肠道寄生虫感染的信息表明，农村地区的学生感染率更高，为54.1%，而城市地区为41.1%（95%置信区间，P值为0.023）。根据感染模式，记录到19.44%（n = 70/360）为单一感染，10.5%（n = 38/360）为双重感染，6.11%（n = 22/360）为三重感染，2.77%（n = 10/360）为四重感染。症状包括腹痛、便秘、恶心或呕吐、胃痛、腹胀以及绦虫感染后出现的腹泻。我们得出结论，由于驱虫不足以控制寄生虫疾病，因此需要开展广泛的宣传活动，以提高对儿童健康和卫生的认识，以及创建有效的扶贫项目的必要性。
