Kosar S, Afshan K, Salman M, Rizvi S S R, Naseem A A, Firasat S, Jahan S, Miller J E, Qayyum M
Department of Zoology and Biology, Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan.
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Trop Biomed. 2017 Dec 1;34(4):770-780.
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major cause of morbidity worldwide and have been described as an important public health concern. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and identification of risk factors associated with IPIs among 3-15 years old school age children residing in Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan from 2011- 2013. A cross sectional school-based study was conducted using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Anthropometric tools and stool tests were used to obtain epidemiological and disease data. The direct wet mount preperation in saline/iodine/haematoxylin stain and Kato-Katz methods were used for stool examination. Data were analysed using appropriate descriptive, univariate and multivariable logistic regression methods. Of the 1,434 children studied (mean age of 8.6±3.6 years) the overall prevalence rate for intestinal parasitic infections was found to be 33.3%. Children infected with single parasite accounted for 27.6% and 5.7% were detected with poly-parasitism. The study showed that helminths (21.4%) were more prevalent than protozoans (17.9%). Ascaris lumbricoides (17.5%), Giardia lamblia (9.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (8.2%), Hymenolepis nana (2.0%), Trichuris trichiura (1.3%) and Taenia saginata (0.7%) were identified in children living in irrigated areas. The multiple logistic regression model indicated that age of the child, gender, family size, source of drinking water, type of milk used, house condition, feeding habit, personal hygiene and socioeconomic status were significantly (p<0.05) associated with the IPIs. Intestinal parasites were prevalent in varying magnitude among the schoolchildren located in irrigated areas. We conclude that there is a need for mass scale campaigns to create awareness regarding health and hygiene in children, and the need for development of effective poverty control programmes because deworming alone is not adequate to control parasitic infections.
肠道寄生虫感染（IPIs）是全球发病的主要原因之一，被视为一个重要的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在确定2011年至2013年居住在巴基斯坦曼迪巴胡丁的3至15岁学龄儿童中肠道寄生虫感染的患病率及其相关危险因素。采用一份经过预测试的结构化问卷进行了一项基于学校的横断面研究。使用人体测量工具和粪便检测来获取流行病学和疾病数据。粪便检查采用盐水/碘液/苏木精染色直接涂片法和改良加藤厚涂片法。运用适当的描述性、单变量和多变量逻辑回归方法对数据进行分析。在1434名接受研究的儿童（平均年龄8.6±3.6岁）中，肠道寄生虫感染的总体患病率为33.3%。感染单一寄生虫的儿童占27.6%，检测出多重寄生虫感染的儿童占5.7%。研究表明，蠕虫感染（21.4%）比原生动物感染（17.9%）更为普遍。在灌溉区生活的儿童中，发现了蛔虫（17.5%）、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫（9.8%）、溶组织内阿米巴（8.2%）、微小膜壳绦虫（2.0%）、鞭虫（1.3%）和牛带绦虫（0.7%）。多变量逻辑回归模型表明，儿童年龄、性别、家庭规模、饮用水来源、所用牛奶类型、房屋状况、喂养习惯、个人卫生和社会经济地位与肠道寄生虫感染显著相关（p<0.05）。在灌溉区的学龄儿童中，肠道寄生虫感染的患病率各不相同。我们得出结论，需要开展大规模宣传活动，提高儿童对健康和卫生的认识，并且需要制定有效的扶贫计划，因为仅靠驱虫不足以控制寄生虫感染。
