Reinke B J, Holmes D S, Harris R L
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985 May;48(5):1353-64. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.48.5.1353.
Sixty women, aged 30, 35, 40, and 45, participated in a retrospective interview concerning psychosocial changes in their adult lives. Subjects' responses provided self-report data concerning specific psychosocial changes, and judges who read the interview protocols provided independent ratings of major psychosocial transitions. The distributions of self-reported changes and rated transitions across both chronological age and family cycle phases were examined statistically. Rated transitions were found to be reliably related to chronological age but not to family cycle phase. Specifically, 78% of the subjects manifested a major transition commencing between ages 27 and 30. That transition was characterized initially by personal disruption, followed by reassessment and finally by increased psychological well-being. Both chronological age and family cycle phase were reliably related to a variety of self-reported changes. The implications for conceptions of adult developmental changes are discussed.
60名年龄分别为30岁、35岁、40岁和45岁的女性参与了一项关于其成年生活中心理社会变化的回顾性访谈。研究对象的回答提供了关于特定心理社会变化的自我报告数据，阅读访谈记录的评判人员对主要心理社会转变进行了独立评分。对自我报告的变化和按年龄顺序及家庭周期阶段划分的评分转变分布进行了统计分析。结果发现，评分转变与实际年龄有可靠的关联，但与家庭周期阶段无关。具体而言，78%的研究对象在27岁至30岁之间开始出现重大转变。这种转变最初的特点是个人生活受到干扰，随后是重新评估，最后是心理健康状况的改善。实际年龄和家庭周期阶段都与各种自我报告的变化有可靠的关联。本文讨论了这些结果对成人发展变化概念的启示。
