Jolly Aman, Pandey Vikas, Sahni Manoj, Leon-Castro Ernesto, Perez-Arellano Luis A
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
Electrical Engineering Department, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow 226028, India.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Feb 14;13(4):411. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13040411.
The increasing development of gadgets to evaluate stress, wellness, and anxiety has garnered significant attention in recent years. These technological advancements aim to expedite the identification and subsequent treatment of these prevalent conditions. This study endeavors to critically examine the latest smart gadgets and portable techniques utilized for diagnosing depression, stress, and emotional trauma while also exploring the underlying biochemical processes associated with their identification. Integrating various detectors within smartphones and smart bands enables continuous monitoring and recording of user activities. Given their widespread use, smartphones, smartwatches, and smart wristbands have become indispensable in our daily lives, prompting the exploration of their potential in stress detection and prevention. When individuals experience stress, their nervous system responds by releasing stress hormones, which can be easily identified and quantified by smartphones and smart bands. The study in this paper focused on the examination of anxiety and stress and consistently employed "heart rate variability" (HRV) characteristics for diagnostic purposes, with superior outcomes observed when HRV was combined with "electroencephalogram" (EEG) analysis. Recent research indicates that electrodermal activity (EDA) demonstrates remarkable precision in identifying anxiety. Comparisons with HRV, EDA, and breathing rate reveal that the mean heart rate employed by several commercial wearable products is less accurate in identifying anxiety and stress. This comprehensive review article provides an evidence-based evaluation of intelligent gadgets and wearable sensors, highlighting their potential to accurately assess stress, wellness, and anxiety. It also identifies areas for further research and development.
近年来，用于评估压力、健康状况和焦虑情绪的小工具不断发展，已引起广泛关注。这些技术进步旨在加快对这些常见状况的识别及后续治疗。本研究致力于批判性地审视用于诊断抑郁症、压力和情感创伤的最新智能小工具及便携式技术，同时探究与其识别相关的潜在生化过程。将各种探测器集成到智能手机和智能手环中，能够持续监测和记录用户活动。鉴于智能手机、智能手表和智能手环的广泛使用，它们在我们的日常生活中已变得不可或缺，这促使人们探索其在压力检测和预防方面的潜力。当个体经历压力时，其神经系统会通过释放应激激素做出反应，而智能手机和智能手环能够轻松识别和量化这些激素。本文的研究聚焦于焦虑和压力的检测，并始终采用“心率变异性”（HRV）特征进行诊断，当HRV与“脑电图”（EEG）分析相结合时，效果更佳。近期研究表明，皮肤电活动（EDA）在识别焦虑方面具有显著的准确性。与HRV、EDA和呼吸频率的比较显示，几款商业可穿戴产品所采用的平均心率在识别焦虑和压力方面不够准确。这篇综合性综述文章对智能小工具和可穿戴传感器进行了基于证据的评估，突出了它们在准确评估压力、健康状况和焦虑情绪方面的潜力。文章还确定了有待进一步研究和开发的领域。
