The Role of Ferritin and Folate in Determining Stem Cell Collection for Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Multiple Myeloma.

BACKGROUND

An autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, the success of ASCT largely hinges on efficient mobilization; thus, a thorough analysis of factors that may affect mobilization is essential.

METHODS

The study consists of a single-center, retrospective chart review of 292 adult patients undergoing their first or second autologous transplantation for MM from 2016 to 2023. Patient demographics, serum lab values at the pre-collection evaluation visit, total stem cell capture (TC) in CD34/kg × 10 stem cell capture on the first day of apheresis (FC) in CD34/kg × 10, and the total number of days of apheresis (DOA) were retrieved from the electronic medical record (EMR).

RESULTS

Individuals with high folate levels experienced less DOA (1.43 ± 0.61) compared to those with normal folate levels (1.68 ± 0.82, = 0.013). The high-folate group had a greater FC (3.26 ± 1.07) compared to the normal-folate group (2.88 ± 1.13, = 0.013). High ferritin levels were associated with more DOA (1.79 ± 0.89) compared to the normal-ferritin group (1.51 ± 0.67, = 0.034). Moderate anemia was significantly associated with decreased FC ( = 0.023) and increased DOA ( = 0.030). Abnormal hemoglobin (Hgb), ferritin, and folate statuses did not exhibit significant differences in survival analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings reveal that folate, ferritin, and Hgb levels are significantly associated with apheresis outcomes, offering guidance for optimizing stem cell mobilization in patients with MM.