Said Obeidat Mohammed, Qasim Dweiri Hala, Jamil Smadi Hazem
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
J Safety Res. 2024 Dec;91:126-135. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.013. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
Millions of workers globally experience work-related injuries, leading to fatalities, injuries, job loss, and wider societal implications. This study utilizes both the U.S. database and the General Social Survey (GSS) to delve into the factors linked to occupational injuries.
In this study, 30 questions from the GSS between 2002 and 2014 were used. The sample included 5,914 workers from various sectors, distributed between both female and male, and were of 18 years and above. The analysis encompasses several dimensions: demographics, job-related characteristics, administrative factors, and health and safety measures. The study particularly focuses on assessing the prevalence of three common work-related injuries: nonfatal injuries, back pain and arm pain. Logistic regression models were constructed to gauge the effects of identified factors.
Significant insights emerge from the analysis. Factors such as age, gender, race, working hours, overtime work, trust in management, coworker support, and workflow smoothness were identified as having notable impacts on work-related injuries. For each model, the study quantifies these impacts through odds ratio and relative effects. For example, in the nonfatal injuries model, the relative effects of age showed that workers aged 65 years or older experience a 2.56% decrease in the frequency of nonfatal injuries compared to younger workers. Furthermore, in the back pain model, the estimated odds of having back pain in males are 0.90 lower than that in females. Moreover, in the arm pain model, workers who have sufficient time to complete their tasks have estimated odds of experiencing arm pain that are 0.85 lower than those who don't have adequate time, etc. Conclusions: Understanding the intricate interplay of various factors influencing workers' safety and health is vital for addressing occupational injuries. By addressing these factors, there's potential for reducing work-related injuries, enhancing work environment, and minimizing costs.
Organizations can use the study's findings for reducing work related injuries. Flexible work arrangements, tailored training programs, and ergonomic improvements might highlight factors such as age, gender, and working hours. Enhancing communication, fostering a positive work culture, and prioritizing safety and health measures could reduce risks associated with trusting management and coworker support. Cost-benefit analysis and continuous monitoring ensure these interventions' effectiveness, reduce back and hand pain incidents, minimize cost, and create safer workplaces, thereby boosting the overall well-being of workers and organizational success.
全球数百万工人遭受与工作相关的伤害，导致死亡、受伤、失业以及更广泛的社会影响。本研究利用美国数据库和综合社会调查（GSS）来深入探究与职业伤害相关的因素。
在本研究中，使用了2002年至2014年期间GSS的30个问题。样本包括来自各个部门的5914名工人，分布在男女之间，年龄在18岁及以上。分析涵盖几个维度：人口统计学、与工作相关的特征、管理因素以及健康和安全措施。该研究特别侧重于评估三种常见的与工作相关的伤害的患病率：非致命伤害、背痛和手臂疼痛。构建逻辑回归模型以衡量已识别因素的影响。
分析得出了重要见解。年龄、性别、种族、工作时间、加班、对管理层的信任、同事支持和工作流程顺畅度等因素被确定对与工作相关的伤害有显著影响。对于每个模型，该研究通过比值比和相对效应来量化这些影响。例如，在非致命伤害模型中，年龄的相对效应表明，65岁及以上的工人与年轻工人相比，非致命伤害的发生率降低了2.56%。此外，在背痛模型中，男性患背痛的估计几率比女性低0.90。而且，在手臂疼痛模型中，有足够时间完成任务的工人经历手臂疼痛的估计几率比没有足够时间的工人低0.85等。结论：了解影响工人安全和健康的各种因素之间的复杂相互作用对于解决职业伤害至关重要。通过解决这些因素，有可能减少与工作相关的伤害、改善工作环境并最小化成本。
组织可以利用该研究的结果来减少与工作相关的伤害。灵活的工作安排、量身定制的培训计划和人体工程学改进可能会突出年龄、性别和工作时间等因素。加强沟通、营造积极的工作文化以及优先考虑安全和健康措施可以降低与对管理层的信任和同事支持相关的风险。成本效益分析和持续监测可确保这些干预措施的有效性，减少背部和手部疼痛事件，最小化成本，并创造更安全的工作场所，从而提高工人的整体幸福感和组织的成功率。
