MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Sep 4;69(35):1204-1209. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6935a3.
Adolescents and young adults represent approximately 13% of the U.S. workforce (1). Compared with adult workers, young workers (aged 15-24 years) experience higher rates of job-related injury (2,3). To describe injuries among young workers and inform research and prevention activities, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed national data for 2012-2018 from the occupational supplement to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System* (NEISS-Work) and for 2018 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII). During the 7-year period, an estimated 3.2 million (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6-3.7) nonfatal, job-related injuries to young workers were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). From 2012 to 2018, annual rates of work-related injuries treated in the ED (ED-treated injuries) declined overall across all age groups but ranged from 1.2 to 2.3 times higher for workers aged 15-24 years compared with those for adults aged 25-44 years. Workers aged 18-19 years had the highest rate of ED-treated injuries. In 2018, among all age groups, workers in service occupations had the highest percentage of injuries requiring at least 1 day away from work. Among workers aged 15-17 years, those in the leisure and hospitality industry had the highest percentage of work-related injuries requiring at least 1 day away from work. Occupational injuries can have long-term impacts on health (4). The disproportionate risk of injury among young workers highlights the need for sustained, targeted public health efforts to prepare this population with essential workplace safety and health competencies before they enter the workforce and to provide high-quality safety training and close supervision on the job. NIOSH and its partners developed a free curriculum to teach adolescents workplace safety and health competencies, which includes identification of workplace hazards and methods for addressing them, how to understand their rights and responsibilities as workers, and how to voice concerns about work safety issues (5).
青少年和年轻人约占美国劳动力的 13%（1）。与成年工人相比，年轻工人（15-24 岁）的工作相关伤害发生率更高（2,3）。为了描述年轻工人的伤害情况，并为研究和预防活动提供信息，疾病预防控制中心国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）分析了 2012-2018 年全国职业补充电子伤害监测系统*（NEISS-Work）和 2018 年来自劳工统计局（BLS）职业伤害和疾病调查（SOII）的数据。在 7 年期间，估计有 320 万（95%置信区间[CI] = 2.6-3.7）名非致命、与工作相关的年轻工人在医院急诊室（ED）接受治疗。从 2012 年到 2018 年，所有年龄段的工作相关伤害急诊治疗（ED 治疗伤害）率总体呈下降趋势，但 15-24 岁工人的年率与 25-44 岁成人相比，范围为 1.2 至 2.3 倍。18-19 岁工人的 ED 治疗伤害率最高。2018 年，在所有年龄段中，服务行业的工人受伤后需要至少 1 天不工作的比例最高。在 15-17 岁的工人中，休闲和酒店业工人因工作相关伤害需要至少 1 天不工作的比例最高。职业伤害会对健康造成长期影响（4）。年轻工人受伤的风险不成比例地突出了需要持续、有针对性的公共卫生努力，以使这一人群在进入劳动力市场之前具备基本的工作场所安全和健康能力，并在工作中提供高质量的安全培训和密切监督。NIOSH 及其合作伙伴开发了一个免费课程，教授青少年工作场所安全和健康能力，包括识别工作场所危害和处理方法、了解作为工人的权利和责任，以及如何表达对工作安全问题的关注（5）。
