Tibubos Ana N, Reinwarth Anna C, Reiner Iris, Werner Antonia M, Wild Philipp S, Münzel Thomas, König Jochem, Lackner Karl J, Pfeiffer Norbert, Beutel Manfred E
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Diagnostics in Healthcare and E-Health, Trier University, Trier, Germany.
J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2025 Feb 25;9(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s41687-025-00854-9.
The important roles of well-being as realization of one's true potential for healthy aging have been highlighted by literature of the recent decades. The Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB) are an internationally recognized measurement tool for psychological well-being. Yet, sound validation of the German SPWB 18-item version has been lacking to date. Therefore, the present study aims to (1) test the psychometric properties of the German SPWB 18-item version in terms of factorial validity and (2) determine construct validity by investigating its correlations with psychosocial variables, mental and physical health. (3) Sociodemographic characteristics of the SPWB in a middle to old age German population was explored.
Data of N = 3,374 participants 45-85 years old of the 10-year follow-up (2017-2022) of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) were analyzed. Descriptive analyses and inference statistical analyses were performed to assess construct validity. In order to determine the psychometric properties, item characteristics and reliability coefficients were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the proposed theoretical factorial structure.
Construct validity of the SPWB was established with respect to sociodemographic, psychosocial (social support and resilient coping), and health variables (sleeping problems, depression and anxiety symptoms, stress, loneliness, and somatic diseases). Analysis of the psychometric properties of the German SPWB 18-item version rendered support for the theoretically proposed multidimensional structure of psychological well-being in our sample rather than a one factorial structure. Bi-factor models that take the method effects of positively and negatively formulated items into account are highly recommended.
The German SPWB 18-item version shows comparable psychometric properties to previous large-scale studies from other countries. The SPWB provides psychological indicators for healthy aging.
近几十年来的文献强调了幸福感在实现健康老龄化真实潜力方面的重要作用。心理幸福感量表（SPWB）是一种国际认可的心理幸福感测量工具。然而，德国版18项SPWB至今仍缺乏可靠的效度验证。因此，本研究旨在：（1）从因子效度方面测试德国版18项SPWB的心理测量特性；（2）通过调查其与心理社会变量、心理健康和身体健康的相关性来确定结构效度；（3）探索德国中老年人群中SPWB的社会人口学特征。
分析了古登堡健康研究（GHS）10年随访（2017 - 2022年）中3374名45 - 85岁参与者的数据。进行描述性分析和推断统计分析以评估结构效度。为了确定心理测量特性，分析了项目特征和信度系数。验证性因子分析测试了所提出的理论因子结构。
在社会人口学、心理社会（社会支持和弹性应对）以及健康变量（睡眠问题、抑郁和焦虑症状、压力、孤独感和躯体疾病）方面确立了SPWB的结构效度。对德国版18项SPWB的心理测量特性分析支持了我们样本中理论上提出的心理幸福感多维结构，而非单因子结构。强烈推荐考虑正负向表述项目方法效应的双因子模型。
德国版18项SPWB显示出与其他国家先前大规模研究相当的心理测量特性。SPWB为健康老龄化提供了心理指标。
