Abdoulaye Alfa Daleb, Le Hesran Jean-Yves, Boko Inès, Agossou Anani, Atchadé Aurore, Fiogbé Marc, Yovo Emmanuel, Hounsa Sandrine, Massougbodji Achille, Cottrell Gilles
Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin/ IRCB, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin.
Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), MERIT Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Feb 25;5(2):e0004267. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004267. eCollection 2025.
Vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 have been set up in all countries. The aim was to reach a sufficient vaccination threshold to ensure herd immunity. In Benin, the objective was to achieve 60% coverage. However, coverage was only 35% in May 2022. People were reluctant to be vaccinated. We had set up a population-based study to investigate these barriers to vaccination. Our approach was qualitative (80 semi-structured interviews with vaccinated and non-vaccinated people) and quantitative (179 questionnaires with CHWs (Community Health Workers) in urban and rural areas. To analyse the qualitative data, thematic sorting was carried out, while the statistical analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS and Excel software. Perceptions and concerns about COVID-19 revealed widespread mistrust of the disease and vaccination. Part of the population doubted the existence or seriousness of the disease, with over 70% of CHWs reporting that people did not perceive the reality of the disease in their daily lives. These doubts were reinforced by the limited impact of the disease and political interpretations of the pandemic, often viewed as a tool for state control. Mistrust of vaccines was even more pronounced, with over 90% of CHWs indicating that people were concerned about the novelty of vaccines and doubts their effectiveness. Rumours circulating on social networks amplified these concerns, fuelling fears about vaccine safety. Fear of stigmatisation, forced isolation and the impossibility of carrying out traditional funeral rituals heightened people's reluctance. The requirement to sign a consent form absolving the state of responsibility for side-effects further deepened these suspicions. Our study confirmed a strong reluctance to vaccinate against COVID-19. It highlighted the critical role of media and social networks and the necessity for authorities to address these factors in communication diseases to ensure efficient disease control.
各国都开展了针对新冠病毒的疫苗接种运动。其目的是达到足够的疫苗接种阈值以确保群体免疫。在贝宁，目标是实现60%的覆盖率。然而，2022年5月的覆盖率仅为35%。人们不愿接种疫苗。我们开展了一项基于人群的研究来调查这些疫苗接种障碍。我们的方法包括定性研究（对已接种和未接种疫苗的人群进行80次半结构化访谈）和定量研究（对城乡地区的社区卫生工作者进行179份问卷调查）。为了分析定性数据，进行了主题分类，而数据的统计分析则使用SPSS和Excel软件进行。对新冠病毒的认知和担忧揭示了对该疾病和疫苗接种的普遍不信任。部分人群怀疑该疾病的存在或严重性，超过70%的社区卫生工作者报告称人们在日常生活中并未感受到该疾病的实际情况。疾病的有限影响以及对疫情的政治解读（常被视为国家控制的工具）加剧了这些怀疑。对疫苗的不信任更为明显，超过90%的社区卫生工作者表示人们担心疫苗的新颖性并怀疑其有效性。社交网络上流传的谣言加剧了这些担忧，引发了对疫苗安全性的恐惧。对污名化、强制隔离以及无法进行传统葬礼仪式的恐惧增加了人们的不情愿。签署免除国家对副作用责任的同意书的要求进一步加深了这些疑虑。我们的研究证实了人们对新冠疫苗接种的强烈抵触情绪。它凸显了媒体和社交网络的关键作用，以及当局在疾病传播沟通中应对这些因素以确保有效疾病控制的必要性。
