Lan Tuo, Wang Mei, Williams AnnaLynn M, Ehrhardt Matthew J, Lanctot Jennifer Q, Jiang Shu, Krull Kevin R, Armstrong Gregory T, Hudson Melissa M, Colditz Graham A, Robison Leslie L, Ness Kirsten K, Park Yikyung
Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. Campus, box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Division of Supportive Care in Cancer, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, NY, USA.
BMC Med. 2025 Feb 25;23(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-03940-3.
Although premature aging is a significant concern in adult survivors of childhood cancer, little is known about the role of diet in premature aging in this vulnerable population. Therefore, we examined whether dietary patterns specific to childhood cancer survivors are associated with premature aging.
This cross-sectional study included 2904 adult survivors of childhood cancer (mean age = 31 years, SD = 8 years) in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort. Diet was assessed using a food frequency. Four dietary patterns were identified: (1) plant-based diet pattern high in whole grains, fruit, and vegetables; (2) fast-food diet pattern high in processed meat, high-fat dairy, and sweets and desserts; (3) Western contemporary diet pattern high in red meat, pasta/rice, French fries, and salty snacks; and (4) animal-based diet pattern high in all meats. The deficit accumulation index (DAI), a proxy measure of premature aging, was estimated as the ratio of the number of age-related items out of 44 total conditions and categorized into low, medium, and high deficit accumulation groups. Multivariable multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of medium and high DAI groups (reference: low group).
Compared to survivors consuming a plant-based diet, those who consume a fast-food (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12‒2.96), a Western contemporary (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.31‒3.43), or an animal-based diet (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.15‒3.84) had approximately a twofold higher odds of being in the high DAI group. In contrast, survivors with a plant-based diet had almost 50% lower odds of being in the high DAI group, compared to those with other dietary patterns (OR ranges 0.47‒0.55).
A plant-based diet may promote healthy aging, whereas a fast-food, a Western contemporary, and an animal-based diet may have detrimental effects on aging. Adult survivors of childhood cancer may benefit from nutrition education and interventions for healthy aging.
尽管早衰是儿童癌症成年幸存者的一个重大问题，但对于饮食在这个脆弱群体早衰中的作用知之甚少。因此，我们研究了儿童癌症幸存者特有的饮食模式是否与早衰有关。
这项横断面研究纳入了圣裘德终身队列中的2904名儿童癌症成年幸存者（平均年龄 = 31岁，标准差 = 8岁）。通过食物频率问卷评估饮食情况。确定了四种饮食模式：（1）以全谷物、水果和蔬菜为主的植物性饮食模式；（2）以加工肉类、高脂肪乳制品以及糖果和甜点为主的快餐饮食模式；（3）以红肉、面食/米饭、薯条和咸味零食为主的西方现代饮食模式；（4）以所有肉类为主的动物性饮食模式。早衰的替代指标——缺陷积累指数（DAI），被估计为44种总体状况中与年龄相关项目的数量之比，并分为低、中、高缺陷积累组。使用多变量多项逻辑回归来估计中高DAI组（参照：低分组）的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
与食用植物性饮食的幸存者相比，食用快餐（OR = 1.82，95% CI：1.12‒2.96）、西方现代饮食（OR = 2.12, 95% CI：1.31‒3.43）或动物性饮食（OR = 2.10, 95% CI：1.15‒3.84）的幸存者处于高DAI组的几率大约高出两倍。相比之下，与其他饮食模式的幸存者相比，采用植物性饮食的幸存者处于高DAI组的几率低近50%（OR范围为0.47‒0.55）。
植物性饮食可能促进健康衰老，而快餐、西方现代饮食和动物性饮食可能对衰老有不利影响。儿童癌症成年幸存者可能会从健康衰老的营养教育和干预中受益。
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