Rouzrokh Parsa, Abbasi Feijani Fatemeh, Moshiri Yeganeh, Ghahramani Sulmaz, Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2025 Jan 1;28(1):44-60. doi: 10.34172/aim.31276.
Suicide poses a critical global public health concern, and distinguishing between suicides and suicide attempts underscores the need for targeted interventions. This investigation aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of factors contributing to suicide in Iran, including socio-economic, demographic, and geographical factors.
A systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Magiran, Elmnet, ISC, Irandoc, and Noormags databases up to July 2023. We included primary observational studies of acceptable quality that examined the prevalence of factors contributing to suicide in Iranian regions. The findings were screened for eligibility and quality, followed by a review of selected articles, from which data were extracted and analyzed.
Out of 1646 initial articles, 68 were selected for review and 54 for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rates of contributing factors were calculated as follows: male gender (64.3, 95% CI: 62.6‒66.0%), age over 25 (57.9%, 95% CI: 51.0‒64.5%), under diploma education (73.4%, 95% CI: 62.1‒82.3%), employment issues (66.4%, 95% CI: 59.7‒72.5%), urban living (61.7%, 95% CI: 53.8‒69.1%), past medical history (8.5%, 95% CI: 4.9‒14.2%), past psychiatric history (20.7%, 95% CI: 15.5‒27.1%), past suicidal attempt (12.2%, 95% CI: 8.5‒17.0%), substance abuse history (28.4%, 95% CI: 20.1‒38.3%), spring season (29.8%, 95% CI: 26.7‒33%), and hanging method (46.1%, 95% CI: 41.6‒50.6%). Significant regional differences were observed in the prevalence of gender, age, and suicide methods between western and non-western areas.
This study describes key factors of suicides in Iran. Despite higher rates among those over 25, many young individuals are affected. Urban living and low educational attainment are significant factors. Moreover, notable regional differences were observed in gender, age, and suicide methods between western and non-western areas. These findings highlight the need for additional research related to record-keeping challenges and can guide Iranian health policymakers in developing strategies for screening and treating vulnerable individuals.
自杀是一个严重的全球公共卫生问题，区分自杀和自杀未遂凸显了针对性干预措施的必要性。本研究旨在确定伊朗自杀相关因素的合并患病率，包括社会经济、人口统计学和地理因素。
截至2023年7月，在科学网、Scopus、PubMed、SID、Magiran、Elmnet、ISC、Irandoc和Noormags数据库中进行了系统检索。我们纳入了质量可接受的原发性观察性研究，这些研究调查了伊朗各地区自杀相关因素的患病率。对研究结果进行资格和质量筛选，随后对选定的文章进行综述，从中提取并分析数据。
在1646篇初始文章中，68篇被选定进行综述，54篇进行荟萃分析。自杀相关因素的合并患病率计算如下：男性（64.3%，95%置信区间：62.6‒66.0%）、25岁以上（57.9%，95%置信区间：51.0‒64.5%）、文凭以下教育程度（73.4%，95%置信区间：62.1‒82.3%）、就业问题（66.4%，95%置信区间：59.7‒72.5%）、城市居住（61.7%，95%置信区间：53.8‒69.1%）、既往病史（8.5%，95%置信区间：4.9‒14.2%）、既往精神病史（20.7%，95%置信区间：15.5‒27.1%）、既往自杀未遂（12.2%，95%置信区间：8.5‒17.0%）、药物滥用史（28.4%，95%置信区间：20.1‒38.3%）、春季（29.8%，95%置信区间：26.7‒33%）和上吊方式（46.1%，95%置信区间：41.6‒50.6%）。西部和非西部地区在性别、年龄和自杀方式的患病率上存在显著差异。
本研究描述了伊朗自杀的关键因素。尽管25岁以上人群的自杀率较高，但许多年轻人也受到影响。城市居住和低教育程度是重要因素。此外，西部和非西部地区在性别、年龄和自杀方式上存在显著差异。这些发现凸显了针对记录保存挑战进行更多研究的必要性，并可为伊朗卫生政策制定者制定筛查和治疗弱势群体的策略提供指导。
